Keragaman Genetik Iler (Coleus spp.) Berdasarkan Penanda Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP)

SAFITRI K, Dr. Ir. Aziz Purwantoro, M.Sc.

2020 | Skripsi | S1 AGRONOMI

Iler (Coleus spp.) merupakan tanaman hias yang memiliki bentuk dan warna daun yang sangat beragam. Sebagai tanaman hias, tanaman iler membutuhkan banyak variasi yang diminati oleh pasar. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan karakterisasi untuk mengatahui keragaman yang nantinya dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pemuliaan tanaman iler. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui keragaman genetik, hubungan kekerabatan, dan menduga sifat penciri khusus dari dua puluh lima aksesi iler berdasarkan penanda SRAP. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2019-Januari 2020 di Laboratorium Genetika dan Pemuliaan Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan 25 aksesi tanaman iler yang berbeda dengan masing-masing aksesi sebanyak 3 tanaman. Penanda genetik yang digunakan adalah penanda SRAP dengan menggunakan 7 primer terpilih yaitu EM1-ME3, EM2-ME3, EM2-ME4, EM3-ME3, EM3- ME4, EM4-ME1, dan EM4-ME2. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan program NTSys versi 2.1 dan program GenAlex 6.503. Parameter variasi genetik yang diamati berupa persentase lokus polimorfik (PLP), jumlah alel yang diamati (na), jumlah alel yang efektif (ne), heterozigositas harapan (He), dan jarak genetik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya keragaman genetik di antara dua puluh lima populasi iler yang diteliti, tetapi tidak terdapat keragaman antar individu dalam populasi. Penanda SRAP efektif untuk mengkarakterisasi penciri khusus iler berupa tipe pertumbuhan, bentuk daun, warna daun, corak daun, ukuran daun, permukaan batang dan daun yang berbulu.

The coleus plant (Coleus spp.) is an ornamental plant that has a very diverse of leaf shapes and colors. As an ornamental plant, the coleus plant requires a lot of variation demanded by the market. For this reason, characterization needs to be done to determine the diversity which will be used for the coleus plant breeding. This research was aimed to know the coleus plant's genetic diversity, relationship, and surmise the special characteristic of twenty-five coleus accessions based on the SRAP markers. The experiment was conducted in October 2019- February 2020 in the Genetisc and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. The study was conducted by using 25 different accessions of coleus plants with each accessions consist of 3 plants. Seven selected primers were used in the SRAP marker are EM1 -ME3, EM2-ME3, EM2- ME4, EM3-ME3, EM3-ME4, EM4-ME1, and EM4-ME2. Data obtained were analyzed using the NTSys 2.1 software and the GenAlex 6.503 software. Parameters of genetic variability observed were percentage of polymorphic loci (PLP), number of observed alleles (na), effective number of alleles (ne), expected heterozygosity (He), and genetic distance. The results showed genetic diversity among the 25 populations of coleus studied but there was no diversity between individuals in the populations. Also known that molecular characterization through SRAP markers are effective for characterizing the coleus's special features such as the growth type, leaf shape, color, patterns and size, and also the stemsurface and downy leaves.

Kata Kunci : Kata kunci: iler, coleus, keragaman genetik, SRAP / Keyword: iler, coleus, genetic diversity, SRAP