KONFLIK ANTARA MONYET EKOR PANJANG (Macaca fascicularis) DENGAN PETANI DI KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL

AHMAD ROSHWAN FIKRI, Prof. Dr. Ir. FX. Wagiman, S. U.

2020 | Skripsi | S1 PROTEKSI TANAMAN

Insidensi konflik antara monyet ekor panjang, MEP (Macaca fascicularis), dengan petani di Gunung Kidul sudah sejak lama terjadi, sangat merugikan, dan pengetahuan factor penyebab konflik masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap konflik tersebut, baik dari sisi kehidupan MEP maupun kepentingan petani. Penelitian dilakukan pada musim hujan 2019/2020 di tujuh kecamatan yaitu Kecamatan Patuk, Semin, Girisubo, Tepus, Tanjungsari, Paliyan dan Saptosari, Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Data insidensi konflik tersebut diperoleh dari BKSDA dan Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Observasi serangan MEP dilakukan di lahan pertanian yang berdekatan langsung dengan hutan habitat MEP di tujuh kecamatan. Persepsi dan sikap petani terhadap konflik diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan 30 responden petani. Metode purposive dan snowball sampling diaplikasikan untuk menentukan sampel yaitu petani yang mengalami konflik, dimana Ketua Kelompok Petani sebagai sampel pertama. Kerugian finansial diasumsikan sebagai intensitas konflik. Berbagai faktor yang berpengaruh dan berkorelasi dengan konlik dianalisis menggunakan model regresi linier ganda pada taraf α0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa insidensi konflik antara MEP dengan petani di Kabupaten Gunungkidul cukup serius, nilai kerugian yang dialami petani berkisar antara Rp. 6.255.000 hingga Rp. 61.525.000 tahun/kecamatan, tergantung luas tanam. Habitat MEP di Kabupaten Gunungkidul berada pegunungan dengan ketinggian 0-700 meter dpl, beriklim kategori C dengan curah hujan rerata 2000 mm/tahun, berupa hutan sekunder berdekatan dengan lahan pertanian. MEP menyerang aneka jenis buah diantaranya buah pisang (Musa paradisiaca), jambu monyet (Anacardium occidentale), jambu biji (Psidium guajava), pepaya (Carica papaya), aneka jenis ubi diantaranya ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta), ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas), Suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius), dan garut (Maranta arundinacea), serta jenis biji yaitu jagung. Tanaman jagung muda dan daun-daun tanaman lain di hutan juga dimakan. Aktivitas harian LTM dalam menyerang tanaman berlangsung dari pagi hingga sore hari, paling sering siang hari. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi konflik MEP dengan petani adalah jumlah pakan dan iklim. Persepsi dan sikap petani menunjukkan bahwa MEP adalah hama yang sangat merugikan, harus dikendalikan secara efektif dan berkelanjutan. Upaya mengendalikan serangan hama kera yang selalu dilakukan adalah menjaga tanaman dan memasang jaring di pagar.

The incidents of conflict between long-tailed macaque, LTM (Macaca fascicularis), with farmers in Gunung Kidul Regency have long been happening, very detrimental, and knowledge of the factors causing the conflict is still limited. This study aimed to determine the factors that influence the conflict, both in terms of the life of the LTM and the interests of farmers. The study was conducted in the 2019/2020 rainy season in seven districts namely Patuk, Semin, Girisubo, Tepus, Tanjungsari, Paliyan and Saptosari Districts, of Gunungkidul Regency. The conflict incidence data was obtained from BKSDA and the Agricultural Service of Gunungkidul Regency. Observation of LTM attacks was carried out on cultivated areas directly adjacent to the LTM habitat forests in the seven subdistricts. Farmers' perceptions and attitudes towards conflict were obtained through interviews with 30 farmer respondents. The purposive method and snowball sampling method were applied to determine the sample, namely farmers who experienced conflicts, where the Chair of the Farmer Group was the first sample. Financial losses were assumed to be the intensity of the conflict. Various factors that influenced and correlated with the conflict were analyzed using multiple linear regression models at α0.05 level. The results showed that the incidence of conflict between LTM and farmers in Gunungkidul Regency was quite serious, the value of losses experienced by farmers ranged between Rp. 6,255,000 to Rp. 61,525,000 /years/districts, depending on planting areas. The LTM habitat in Gunungkidul Regency is in the mountains with an altitude of 0-700 meters above sea level, with a category C climate and an average rainfall of 2000 mm / year, in the form of secondary forests adjacent to agricultural areas. The LTM attacked various types of fruit including bananas (Musa paradisiaca), cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale), guava (Psidium guajava), papaya (Carica papaya), various types tuber including cassava (Manihot esculenta), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius), and arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea), and types of seeds, namely corn. Young corn plants and leaves of other plants in the forest were also eaten. Daily activity of LTM in attacking crops lasted from morning to afternoon, most often during the day. Factors affecting conflict of LTM with farmers were the amount of feeds and climate. Farmers' perceptions and attitudes indicate that LTM was a very harmful pest, which must be controlled effectively and sustainably. Efforts to control the LTM pest attacks which were always done were to guard the crops and put a net on the fence.

Kata Kunci : konflik, monyet ekor panjang, petani.