GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN TERHADAP ORANG DENGAN HIV/AIDS BESERTA FAKTOR-FAKTORNYA DI PSIK FK-KMK UGM

RIDHA WAHYUNINGTIAS, Ns. Azam David Saifullah, S.Kep., M.Sc.; Dr. Ibrahim Rahmat, S.Kp., S.Pd., M.Kes.

2020 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar Belakang: Orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) masih mengalami gangguan sosial berupa stigma dari masyarakat maupun dari tenaga kesehatan, termasuk mahasiswa keperawatan. Stigma berdampak negatif terhadap akses pelayanan kesehatan hingga kualitas hidup ODHA. Berdasarkan bukti ilmiah, pengetahuan dan sikap seseorang dapat membentuk stigma. Sementara, pengetahuan dan sikap dapat ditingkatkan melalui pendidikan bagi mahasiswa keperawatan. Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi pengetahuan dan sikap mahasiswa keperawatan terhadap ODHA di FK-KMK Universitas Gadjah Mada. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa keperawatan FK-KMK UGM dengan jumlah responden 334 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner HIV-KQ-18 untuk mengukur tingkat pengetahuan dan kuesioner AAS untuk mengukur sikap. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah dengan uji Mann Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, dan Spearman rank. Hasil: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik (rs = 0,22; p-value = < ,01) antara pengetahuan dengan sikap mahasiswa keperawatan terhadap ODHA (median HIV-KQ-18 = 11, [4 - 18] dan median AAS = - 0,62, [- 2,10 - 0,71]). Variabel yang signifikan berhubungan secara statistik dengan pengetahuan adalah umur (rs = 0,47; p-value = < ,01), tingkatan mahasiswa (H = 107,18; p-value = < ,01), pengalaman berinteraksi (U = 6461,5; p-value = < ,01). Sedangkan, sikap signifikan berhubungan secara statistik dengan umur (rs = 0,15; p-value = ,01), jenis kelamin (U = 2796; p-value = ,04), dan tingkatan mahasiswa (H = 11,95; p-value = ,01). Kesimpulan: Skor pengetahuan dan sikap mahasiswa relatif lebih rendah dibandingkan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya, sedangkan skor sikap mahasiswa keperawatan menunjukkan sikap yang cenderung lebih negative / non-terapeutik. Penelitian ini dapat menjadi pertimbangan pengembangan program peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap mahasiswa.

Background: People living with HIV/AIDS often experience social disorders such as stigma from the public and health service providers, including nursing students. Stigma impact negatively in term of health care access to the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS. Based on the evidence, inadequate knowledge and negative attitudes may form stigma. Meanwhile, knowledge and attitudes may be improved through education, especially for the nursing students. in the form of stigma. Stigma is a negative attitude related to one's beliefs or knowledge. Negative attitudes could occur anywhere, one of which is in nursing students. These factors are affected by knowledge related to HIV/AIDS. Objective: To identify the knowledge and attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS among nursing students in Indonesia. Method: This study was a quantitative research with cross-sectional approach. Subjects on this research was 334 nursing students in a public university in Indonesia. Instruments used in this research were HIV-KQ-18 to measure the knowledge and AAS to measure the attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS. Data were analyzed using Mann Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman rank Correlation depending on its data type. The results: This research showed that knowledge was statistically significant correlated with attitudes (rs = 0,22; p-value = < ,01). Knowledge of the students also found to have a significant correlation with age (rs = 0,47; p-value = < ,01), level of the students (H = 107,18; p-value = < ,01), and experience in taking care people with HIV/AIDS (U = 6461,5; p-value = < ,01). While the attitudes were found to have a significant correlation with age (rs = 0,15; p-value = ,01), gender (U = 2796; p-value = ,04), and level of the students (H = 11, 95; p-value = ,01). Conclusion: Students' knowledge in this study was found to have a relatively lower score compared to the previous researches, while nursing student attitudes more negative. This research may be considered to develop the knowledge and attitude improvement program in the future.

Kata Kunci : mahasiswa keperawatan, ODHA, pengetahuan, sikap, attitude, knowledge, nursing students, PLWHA