The Swedish Labor Market in the Post 2015 Refugee Crisis

SALSABILA IMANNISA, Dr. Poppy Sulistyaning Winanti, M.P.P., M.Sc.

2020 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

Skripsi ini menganalisis alasan mengapa posisi migran di pasar tenaga kerja menjadi jauh lebih tersegmentasi, terutama dibandingkan dengan penduduk asli di Swedia. Polarisasi pasar tenaga kerja negara ini terlihat lebih menonjol pada tahun 2015, dimana terjadinya krisis pengungsi Eropa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan melalui metode kualitatif, dengan mengambil data pekerjaan, pengalaman, dan situasi kehidupan para migran. Riset ini menemukan bahwa ada tiga kebijakan yang semakin memisahkan segmen migran dan penduduk asli di Swedia, membuat migran menjadi lebih terkonsentrasi di pasar tenaga kerja sekunder. Menurunnya negara dari sistem welfare state, hanya memberikan izin tinggal sementara, dan mengurangi hak-hak sosial migran adalah tiga keputusan politik yang diambil pemerintah yang membuat para migran lebih tergantung pada hubungan personal dalam jaringan migrasi mereka. Hal ini membuat pekerjaan di pasar tenaga kerja sekunder menjadi pilihan yang paling tampak dan tersedia bagi para migran.

The thesis is intended to analyze the reasons why Swedish labor market evolved into a large polarization between two segments, the migrants and natives. This polarization became more prominent in 2015, where the refugee crisis occurred in the country. Migrants experienced many problems not only in terms of obtaining jobs once they arrived in Sweden, but also the different treatment and condition they experienced in the labor market. The research is based on qualitative methods, where migrants' occupations, experiences, and overall living situation are being examined. It was then revealed that there are three policies that further pull away the migrants and natives segments in Sweden, making migrants to be more concentrated in the secondary labor market. Withdrawing from the welfare state, granting only temporary residence permits, and reducing migrants' social rights are the three political decisions that the government took, making migrants be more dependent on personal contacts in their migration networks. Eventually, jobs in the secondary labor market become the most visible and available option for the migrants.

Kata Kunci : Sweden, labor market, labor market segmentation, refugee crisis, natives and migrants, immigration, European refugee crisis.