Analisis Tingkat Pengetahuan, Penerimaan, dan Kemauan Membayar terhadap Imunisasi Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) pada Masyarakat di Indonesia

ERLIKA SAPUTRI, Dr. Tri Murti Andayani, Sp.FRS., Apt; Dr. Dwi Endarti, M.Sc., Apt

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU FARMASI

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) merupakan vaksin yang aman dan efektif untuk mengatasi infeksi pneumoni tetapi belum termasuk program imunisasi anak nasional dan harga imunisasi PCV relatif mahal sehingga cakupan imunisasi PCV masih rendah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengetahuan, penerimaan, dan kemauan membayar imunisasi PCV pada kelompok sosiodemografi dan pengalaman responden serta mengetahui adanya hubungan pengetahuan, penerimaan dan kemauan membayar imunisasi PCV. Rancangan penelitian secara obeservasional menggunakan pendekatan multi-center cross-sectional. Data dikumpulkan melalui survei kepada 500 responden orang tua di 5 provinsi di Indonesia yaitu di Provinsi DIY, Lampung, Sulawesi Tengah, Kalimantan Tengah, dan Jawa Barat dengan teknik convenience sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner dan analisis data dilakukan secara deksriptif dan statistik menggunakan uji Mann Whitney untuk mengetahui perbedaan nilai pengetahuan, penerimaan, dan kemauan membayar munisasi PCV pada kelompok karakteristik sosiodemografi dan pengalaman responden dan dan uji spearman untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan, penerimaan, dan kemauan membayar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 500 responden, 24,6% tidak mengetahui bahwa imunisasi PCV belum termasuk dalam program imunisasi nasional di Indonesia dan responden merasa khawatir akan efek samping, biaya, dan kandungan imunisai PCV dan 51,0% tidak bersedia membayar imunisasi PCV. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna nilai pengetahuan pada kelompok pengeluaran per bulan (p=0,002) dan jumlah tanggungan (p=0,002). Perbedaan nilai penerimaan terdapat pada kelompok usia (p=0,004), pendidikan (p=0,002), status pernikahan (p=0,016), pendapatan per bulan (p=0,001), pengeluaran per bulan (p=0,005), dan kepemilikan asuransi (p=0,001). Terdapat perbedaan nilai pengetahuan dan penerimaan pada kelompok pengalaman mendengar penyakit pneumonia dan imunisasi PCV, pengalaman terserang penyakit pneumonia, dan sumber informasi imunisasi PCV. Perbedaan nilai kemauan membayar maksimal imunisasi PCV terdapat pada pengalaman anak terserang penyakit pneumonia (p=0,016). Pengetahuan memiliki hubungan dengan penerimaan (p=0,011). Disarankan agar tenaga kesehatan mengadakan program edukasi kepada masyarakat Indonesia untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan mengenai program imunisasi, efek samping dan keamanan imunisasi PCV.

The Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) is a safe and effective vaccine for treating pneumonia infection but does not include national child immunization programs and the relatively expensive price of PCV immunization that increases PCV immunization is still low. This research was conducted to determine differences in knowledge, acceptance, and payment of PCV immunization in the sociodemographic group and respondents' experience and to know the relationship of knowledge, acceptance and willingness to pay for PCV immunization. The research design is obeservasional using a multi-center cross-sectional approach. Data was collected through a survey of 500 respondent parents in 5 provinces in Indonesia, namely in the Provinces of DIY, Lampung, Central Sulawesi, Central Kalimantan, and West Java using convenience sampling techniques. The research instrument used questionnaires and data analysis was carried out descriptively and statistically using the Mann Whitney test to determine differences in the value of knowledge, acceptance, and willingness to pay for PCV immunization in the sociodemographic characteristics group and the spearman test to determine the relationship of knowledge, acceptance, and willingness to pay. The results showed of 500 respondents, 24.6% did not know that PCV immunization was not included in the national immunization program in Indonesia and respondents were concerned about the side effects, costs, and content of PCV immunization and 51.0% were not willing to pay for PCV immunization. There is a significant difference in the value of knowledge in the expenditure group per month (p=0.002) and the number of dependents (p=0.002). Differences in the value of income are in the age group (p=0.004), education (p=0.002), marital status (p=0.016), monthly income (p=0.001), monthly expenditure (p=0.005), and insurance ownership (p=0.001). There is a difference in the value of knowledge and acceptance in the experience group hearing pneumonia and PCV immunization, pneumonia disease experience, and PCV immunization information sources. The difference in the value of the maximum willingness to pay for PCV immunization is in the experience of children suffering from pneumonia (p=0.016). Knowledge has a relationship with acceptance (p=0.011). It is recommended that health workers organize educational programs for the Indonesian people to increase knowledge about immunization programs, side effects and safety of PCV immunization.

Kata Kunci : pengetahuan, penerimaan, kemauan membayar, imunisasi PCV