Performa Reproduksi dan Faktor Risiko Kasus Hipofungsi Ovarium pada Sapi Potong di Kabupaten Jepara

ALDI SALMAN, Dr. drh. Surya Agus Prihatno, M.P.; Prof. Dr. drh. Bambang Sumiarto, S.U., M.Sc.

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER SAINS VETERINER

Hipofungsi ovarium menjadi kasus gangguan reproduksi yang memiliki angka kejadian paling tinggi, dengan kerugian peternak karena panjangnya Calving Interval dan biaya pengobatan yang tinggi. Kualitas pakan seringkali dianggap menjadi menjadi penyebab hipofungsi ovarium, tetapi juga terdapat faktor lain yang mengakibatkan munculnya penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui performa reproduksi, prevalensi dan faktor risiko hipofungsi ovarium pada sapi potong, serta model untuk memprediksi penyakit hipofungsi ovarium di Kabupaten Jepara. Sapi betina produktif sebanyak 304 ekor sampel dari 176 peternak yang dipilih secara formal random sampling pada 14 desa di 7 kecamatan dengan tahapan ganda. Dilakukan anamnesis pada peternak dan pemeriksaan sapi secara per rektal untuk mengetahui status reproduksi, serta kuesioner untuk analisis tingkat peternakan dan individu ternak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa performa reproduksi sapi potong dengan hipofungsi ovarium adalah service per conception 1,28, estrus post partus 257,84 hari, days open 265,24 hari dan calving interval 18,28 bulan. Prevalensi hipofungsi ovarium pada sapi potong 8,88% dan faktor risiko yang mempunyai hubungan adalah frekuensi pakan tambahan, pakan utama, jenis ternak, kepemilikan ternak satu ekor, umur ternak, status laktasi dan umur sapih. Model persamaan yang diperoleh pada tingkat ternak adalah Ln P/1-P = 5,709 - 3,198xSAPH - 1,825xSTLAK - 0,992xJNTR. Model persamaan pada peternakan adalah Ln P/1-P = 1,213 + 1,813xPKUT + 1,736xPKTB - 1,331xPUNYA1. Hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi penurunan performa reproduksi pada sapi potong dengan hipofungsi ovarium dengan jenis pakan utama dan frekuensi pakan tambahan menaikkan risiko terjadi hipofungsi ovarium serta umur sapih pedet, status laktasi dan jenis ternak, serta jenis ternak, kepemilikan ternak satu ekor, umur ternak, status laktasi dan umur sapih menurunkan risiko terjadi hipofungsi ovarium pada sapi potong.

Ovarian hypofunction is one of reproductive disorders with the highest prevalence. This disorder causes massive losses to farmers due to the long calving interval and high medical costs. Feed quality is considered as a factor causing ovarian hypofunction, yet other factors are have also been identified to cause this disease. This study investigated the reproductive performance, prevalence and risk factors of ovarian hypofunction in beef cattle, and this study also proposed a model to predict the occurrence of ovarian hypofunction in Jepara Regency. 304 reproductive cows were selected as samples from 176 breeders who were selected through double-stage formal random sampling from 14 villages in 7 sub-districts. Anamnesis was conducted to farmers and rectal examinations were performed to determine the reproductive status of the cattle. A set of questionnaire examining the level of animal husbandry and individual animals. The scores of reproductive performance indicators include service per conception 1.28, estrus post partus 257.84 days, days open 265.24 days and calving intervals 18.28 months. The prevalence of ovarian hypofunction in beef cattle was found at 8.88% and risk factors that shared meaningful relationship include frequency of additional feed (OR = 12.77), main feed (OR = 9.59), type of livestock (OR = 0.37), single cattle ownership (OR = 0.34), age of cattle (OR = 0.33), lactation status (OR = 0.07) and weaning age (OR = 0.03). The equation model obtained at the livestock level was Ln P / 1-P = 5.709 - 3.198xSAPH - 1,825xSTLAK - 0.992xJNTR. Meanwhile, the equation model at the farm level was Ln P / 1-P = 1,213 + 1,813xPKUT + 1,736xPKTB - 1,331x HAVE1. The results of this study indicated a decrease in reproductive performance of beef cattle with ovarian hypofunction. Some livestock factors affected this condition including calf weaning age, lactation status and livestock type, while animal husbandry factors identified to influence this condition namely main feed type, additional feed frequency and the number of livestock ownership. Recommendations have been proposed regarding to the results of this study including the need to carry out good cattle farming by shifting the main farming purpose from raising livestock only as savings into intensive cattle farming which can be done by optimizing the use of forage feed and supplementary feed, and performing calf weaning on the proper time to avoid negative effects to the reproductive performance of the cattle.

Kata Kunci : hipofungsi ovarium, sapi potong, performa reproduksi, prevalensi, faktor risiko, model penyakit