GAMBARAN KEPEMILIKAN DAN PENGGUNAAN KELAMBU SERTA KEJADIAN MALARIA DI DESA TEPANSARI DAN KEMBARAN KABUPATEN PURWOREJO

ILHAM FAUDHIE P, Prof. dr. Supargiyono, DTM&H, SU, Ph.D, Sp.ParK; dr. E. Elsa Herdiana M, M.Kes, Ph.D; Dr. Budi Mulyaningsih, Apt, MS

2019 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN

Kementerian Kesehatan menargetkan Indonesia bebas transmisi malaria pada tahun 2030. Pembagian kelambu berinsektisida oleh pemerintah tidak diikuti dengan penurunan jumlah kasus malaria sesuai target. Kabupaten Purworejo masih memiliki daerah endemik malaria. Annual Parasite Incidences di Desa Tepansari 9,2 per 1000 penduduk dan di Desa Kembaran 2,2 per 1000 penduduk pada 2018. Oleh sebab itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui cakupan kepemilikan dan penggunaan kelambu pada penduduk serta angka kejadian malaria di Desa Tepansari dan Kembaran Kabupaten Purworejo Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dan dilakukan di Desa Tepansari dan Desa Kembaran. Responden dipilih 371 orang secara cluster consecutive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar kuesioner dan lembar observasi. Data kepemilikan dan penggunaan kelambu didapatkan dengan wawancara dan pengamatan ke rumah subyek. Data kejadian malaria diambil dari data Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Purworejo tahun 2018 dan diolah secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan kelambu di Desa Tepansari sebanyak 44,86% dan di Desa Kembaran 100%. Penggunaan kelambu di Desa Tepansari sebanyak 21,08% dan di Desa Kembaran 50,53%. Sebanyak 93,26% subjek yang menggunakan kelambu beralasan karena takut gigitan nyamuk, di rumah banyak nyamuk, dan agar terhindar dari gigitan nyamuk dan hanya 3,67% yang beralasan sebagai langkah pencegahan malaria. Alasan subjek tidak menggunakan kelambu adalah tidak nyaman menggunakan kelambu, kesulitan memasang kelambu, kelambu sedang dilakukan perawatan, ventilasi sudah tertutup dan lain-lain dengan sedikit variasi jumlah subjek. Kelambu di Desa Tepansari yang robek sebanyak 61,54% dan pernah dicuci sebanyak 76,92% dengan 86,66% diantaranya menggunakan deterjen. Kelambu di Desa Kembaran yang robek sebanyak 17,02% pernah dicuci sebanyak 51,06% dengan 47,92% diantaranya menggunakan deterjen. Penduduk Desa Tepansari lebih beresiko terkena malaria karena tingkat kepemilikan dan penggunaan kelambu yang rendah serta jumlah kelambu yang robek dan pernah dicuci yang tinggi.

Ministry of Health target Indonesia to be free of malaria transmission by 2030. The distribution of insecticide treated bed nets was not followed by decreasing in the number of malaria cases as targeted. Purworejo Regency still has malaria endemic areas. Annual Parasite Incidences in Tepansari village is 9,2 per 1000 population and in Kembaran village is 2,2 per 1000 population in 2018. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the scope of ownership and usage of mosquito nets in the population and the incidence of malaria in the Tepansari and Kembaran Village Purworejo Regency This research method is a descriptive study and was carried out in Tepansari and Kembaran Villages. Respondents were selected 371 people by cluster consecutive sampling. The instruments used in this study were questionnaire sheets and observation sheets. Data on ownership and usage of mosquito nets was obtained by interviewing and observing the subjects' homes. Malaria incidence data was taken from Purworejo District Health Office data in 2018 and processed descriptively. The results of the study are the ownership of mosquito nets as much as 44.86% in the Village of Tepansari and 100% in the Village of Kembaran. The use of mosquito nets in the Village of Tepansari was 21.08% and in the Kembaran Village 50.53%. As many as 93.26% of subjects who used mosquito nets reasoned they were afraid of mosquito bites, at home there were a lot of mosquitoes, and they want to avoid mosquito bites and only 3.67% reasoned as a malaria prevention measure. Subject reasons did not use a mosquito net were uncomfortable using a mosquito net, difficulty installing a mosquito net, mosquito nets were being treated, ventilation was closed and others with slight variation in the number of subjects. Mosquito nets in the village of Tepansari were torn as much as 61.54% and had been washed as much as 76.92% with 86.66% of them using detergent. Mosquito nets in the village of Kembaran were torn as much as 17.02% had been washed as much as 51.06% with 47.92% of them using detergent. Tepansari villagers are more at risk of malaria because of the low level of ownership and use of mosquito nets and the high number of torn and washed mosquito nets.

Kata Kunci : Kejadian Malaria, Kepemilikan Kelambu, Penggunaan Kelambu, Purworejo