PREVALENSI DAN FAKTOR RISIKO INFEKSI CACING USUS PADA ANAK PENYANDANG DISABILITAS USIA SEKOLAH DI KABUPATEN BANTUL PROVINSI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

LALA FORESTA V G, dr. E. Elsa Herdiana Murhandarwati, M.Kes., Ph.D.

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU BIOMEDIK

Keterbatasan fisik, intelektual, mental, dan/atau sensorik mengakibatkan penyandang disabilitas cenderung mengalami hambatan dan keterbatasan dalam hal kemampuan merawat diri yang memadai, pengetahuan mengenai kesehatan, maupun dalam mengakses pelayanan kesehatan. Akibatnya, penyandang disabilitas akan lebih berisiko mengalami masalah kesehatan yang serius, salah satunya ialah infeksi cacing usus. Infeksi kronis dapat menyebabkan malasorbsi dan malnutrisi, anemia, obstruksi usus, gangguan pertumbuhan, gangguan belajar dan konsentrasi, gangguan kognitif, kerusakan multiorgan, serta meningkatkan kerentanannya untuk terinfeksi penyakit lain. Hingga saat ini belum terdapat data mengenai prevalensi infeksi cacing usus pada anak penyandang disabilitas di Indonesia, khususnya di Kabupaten Bantul Provinsi DIY. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan para penyandang disabilitas, diperlukan pemahaman dan analisis yang memadai mengenai kualitas kesehatan para penyandang disabilitas. Penelitian Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi infeksi cacing usus dan mengindentifikasi faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian infeksi cacing usus pada anak penyandang disabilitas usia sekolah di Kabupaten Bantul Provinsi DIY. Sebanyak 130 sampel feses diperiksa dengan metode flotasi, Kato-Katz, Harada-Mori, dan Baermann untuk mendeteksi keberadaan telur dan/atau larva cacing. Faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian infeksi cacing usus pada subjek penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan orang tua/wali subjek. Uji Mann-Whitney dan Fisher digunakan untuk mengindentifikasi hubungan antara faktor risko dengan kejadian infeksi cacing usus. Analisis regresi logistik multivariat dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan infeksi cacing usus. Prevalence ratio dengan nilai kepercayaan 95% dan tingkat signifikansi 5% digunakan untuk mengetahui kekuatan dan signifikansi hubungan antarvariabel. Prevalensi infeksi cacing usus pada anak penyandang disabilitas usia sekolah di Kabupaten Bantul Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta ialah 1,5% (n=2); prevalensi infeksi hookworm dan Trichuris trichiura masing-masing sebesar 0,77%. Analisis untuk semua faktor risiko memberikan hasil berupa nilai p > 0,05. Prevalensi infeksi cacing usus pada anak penyandang disabilitas usia sekolah di Kabupaten Bantul Provinsi DIYrendah. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara semua faktor risiko dengan kejadian infeksi cacing usus pada subjek penelitian.

Due to physical, intellectual, mental, and/or sensory limitations, person with disabilities tend to experience obstacles and limitations in terms of their ability to care for themselves, knowledge of health, and access to health services. As a result, people with disabilities are more at risk of experiencing serious health problems, one of which is intestinal helminth infection. Chronic intestinal helminth infection can cause malabsorption and malnutrition, anemia, intestinal obstruction, growth disorders, learning and concentration disorders, cognitive disorders, multi-organ damage, and increase their susceptibility to infection with other diseases. Until now there are no data about the prevalence of intestinal helminth infections in children with disabilities in Indonesia, especially in Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. To improve the health quality of person with disabilities, adequate understanding and analysis of the quality of health of person with disabilities is needed. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of intestinal helminth infections and associated risk factors among children with disabilities at school age in Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. A total of 130 faeces samples were examined by the flotation, Kato-Katz, Harada-Mori, and Baermann methods to detect the presence of worm eggs and/or larvae. An interview with parents/guardians of the subject based on a structured questionnaire has been conducted to obtain information regarding the associated risk factor. The Mann-Whitney and Fisher's test was carried out to identify the association between risk factors and the intestinal helminth infections. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with intestinal helminth infections. A prevalence ratio with a 95% confidence interval at 5% level of significance was used to measure the strength and significance of association between variables. The prevalence of intestinal helminth infections among children with disabilities at school age in Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta Province was 1.5% (n = 2); the prevalence of hookworm infection and Trichuris trichiura each by 0.77%. Analysis for all risk factors gave results in the form of p-value > 0.05. The prevalence of intestinal helminth infections among children with disabilities at school age in Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta Province was low. There was no statistically significant association between all risk factors and the intestinal helminth infections in the study subjects.

Kata Kunci : children, disability, infection, intestinal helminths, risk factors