PREVALENSI DAN FAKTOR RISIKO INFEKSI PROTOZOA USUS PADA ANAK PENYANDANG DISABILITAS USIA SEKOLAH DI KABUPATEN BANTUL, PROVINSI DIY

FAHRIANA AZMI, Dr. dr. Mahardika Agus Wijayanti, DTM&H, M. Kes. ; dr. E. Elsa Herdiana Murhandarwati, M. Kes, Ph. D

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU BIOMEDIK

Latar belakang: Penyandang disabilitas memiliki kesempatan terbatas dalam berbagai aspek. Anak penyandang disabilitas berisiko terinfeksi berbagai patogen termasuk infeksi protozoa usus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi infeksi protozoa usus pada anak penyandang disabilitas dan faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap infeksi protozoa usus di Kabupaten Bantul, Provinsi DIY. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan di Sekolah Luar Biasa, Kabupaten Bantul dengan metode potong lintang pada bulan Juni-Desember, 2019. Sejumlah 150 anak penyandang disabilitas direkrut dengan metode simple random sampling. Sampel tinja diperiksa secara mikroskopis dengan metode terkonsentrasi formalin-eter dan Ziehl-neelsen untuk mendeteksi protozoa usus. Variabel usia dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney sedangkan variabel jenis kelamin, status sosial, status ekonomi, tingkat pendidikan orang tua, perilaku, kebersihan diri, dan lingkungan dianalisis dengan uji chi-square. Analisis regresi logistik digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi kekuatan faktor risiko terhadap infeksi protozoa usus. Prevalence ratio ditetapkan dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% pada level signifikansi 5%. Hasil: Lima belas anak (11,54%) dari keseluruhan 130 subyek terinfeksi protozoa usus dengan rerata usia anak adalah 9,83±3,1. Spesies protozoa usus diantaranya Entamoeba histolytica 7 (5,38%), Giardia lamblia 4 (3,08%), Blastocystis hominis 7 (5,38%) dan Iodamoeba butschlii 1 (0,77%). Tidak terdapat faktor risiko yang signifikan terhadap infeksi protozoa usus (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Prevalensi infeksi protozoa usus pada anak penyandang disabilitas usia sekolah di Kabupaten Bantul, Provinsi DIY adalah 11,54%. Tidak terdapat faktor risiko yang signifikan terhadap infeksi protozoa usus.

Background: Children with disabilities are excluded from many aspects of life. Unfortunately, they have an increased risk of infection from many kinds of pathogens including intestinal protozoa. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections and to determine the associated factors among children with disabilities in the Bantul district at The Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Methods: The study was conducted in the Special school with a cross-sectional design between June-December, 2019. A total of 150 participants were recruited through simple random sampling. Stool samples were examined microscopically by formalin-ether concentration and Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. Age was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Sex, type of disability, degree of disability, social status, economic status, degree of parent's education, hygiene habits, personal and environment's sanitation used chi-square tests. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with intestinal protozoan infections. The adjusted prevalence ratio with a 95% confidence interval at a 5% level of significance was used to measure the strength of association. Results: Overall, there were 15 children infected by intestinal protozoan from 130 subjects with a mean age of study participants of 9.83±3.1 yrs. The intestinal protozoan species were Entamoeba histolytica 7 (5.38%), Giardia lamblia 4 (3.08%), Blastocystis hominis 7 (5.38%) and Iodamoeba butschlii 1 (0.77%). There was no significant correlation between the risk factors and intestinal protozoan infection in children with disabilities at Bantul district, Special Region of Yogyakarta (p<0.05). Conclusion: Prevalence of intestinal protozoan infection among children with disabilities in Bantul district, Special Region of Yogyakarta was 11.54%. There was no significant correlation between the risk factors and intestinal protozoan infection.

Kata Kunci : Intestinal protozoa, formalin-ether concentration technique, Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique, risk factors, children with disabilities