KAJIAN PENGGUNAAN SINAMALDEHID KULIT KAYU MANIS (Cinnamomum burmanni Ness ex Bl.) UNTUK PROTEKSI PROTEIN PAKAN SECARA IN VITRO

IKHWAN HADIANTO, Prof. Dr. Ir. Lies Mira Yusiati, S.U., IPU., ASEAN Eng; Prof. Ir. Zaenal Bachruddin, M. Sc, Ph.D., IPU., ASEAN Eng.

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU PETERNAKAN

Sinamaldehid merupakan senyawa metabolit sekunder tanaman kayu manis yang digunakan untuk proteksi protein pakan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan kulit kayu manis sumber sinamaldehid terhadap aktivitas enzim, parameter fermentasi rumen, produksi gas, kecernaan nutrien in vitro dan keragaman bakteri rumen. Perlakuan terdiri dari tanpa kulit kayu manis (kontrol) dan penambahan kulit kayu manis sebesar 1,16; 2,3; 3,5 dan 4,6% dari bahan kering (BK) pakan atau setara dengan penambahan sinamaldehid sebesar 200, 400, 600 dan 800 mg/kg bahan kering (BK) pakan. Pakan terdiri dari 60% rumput gajah, 30% pollard dan 10% bungkil kedelai. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola searah dengan tiga kali ulangan serta terdiri dari tiga bagian penelitian. Penelitian pertama yaitu pengamatan terhadap aktivitas enzim CMCase, amilase, protease, pH, NH3, VFA, proporsi VFA, protein mikroba, produksi gas secara in vitro gas test. Penelitian kedua yaitu kecernaan nutrien meliputi kecernaan BK, BO, PK dan SK secara in vitro inkubasi 48 jam dan 96 jam. Penelitian ketiga yaitu keragaman bakteri rumen dianalisis dengan metode terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian pertama dan kedua dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi dan perlakuan yang berbeda secara nyata, diuji lanjut dengan DMRT untuk mengetahui perbedaan nilai rata-rata pada masing-masing perlakuan. Data dari T-RFLP ditampilkan secara deskriptif dalam bentuk tabel dan gambar. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penambahan kulit kayu manis sumber sinamaldehid sampai level 4,6% (800 mg/kg BK pakan) tidak berpengaruh secara nyata (P>0,05) terhadap CMCase dan amilase, pH, NH3, VFA, protein mikroba dan produksi gas, kecernaan BK, BO, PK dan SK tetapi menurunkan (P<0,05) aktivitas protease dan kecernaan PK inkubasi 48 jam dan meningkatkan kecernaan PK pada inkubasi 96 jam. Penambahan kulit kayu manis sebagai sumber sinamaldehid tidak berpengaruh terhadap keragaman bakteri rumen. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diambil suatu kesimpulan bahwa penambahan kulit kayu manis sampai level 4,6% (800 mg/kg BK pakan) mampu melindungi protein dari proses degradasi di rumen tanpa menimbulkan efek negatif terhadap keragaman mikroba dan proses fermentasi rumen.

Plant secondary metabolites such as cinnamaldehyde have been used to manipulate protein metabolism in the rumen. The study aimed to observe the effect of cinnamon bark addition as a source of cinnamaldehyde on activity of enzymes, fermentation parameters, gas production, in vitro digestibility and rumen bacterial diversity. This research was consisted of the die without cinnamon bark meal (control) and addition cinnamon bark meal with 1.16, 2.3, 3.5. and 4.6 % of dry matter (DM) feed or equivalent to cinnamaldehyde with 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg DM feed. The feed was consisted of 60% elephant grass, 30% wheat bran and 10% soybean meal. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications. This study was divided into 3 steps. The first step used in vitro gas production technique for activity of enzymes (CMCase, amilase and protease) and rumen parameters )pH, NH3, VFA and microbial protein) analysis. The second step was conducted for nutrient digestibility (DMD, OMD, CPD and CFD) analysis using in vitro two stage tehcnique (48 h and 96 h). The third step was diversity and relative abundance of rumen bacterial using T-RFLP analysis. Data activity of enzymes, fermentation parameters and nutrient digestibility were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) continued by DMRT. The data of addition of cinnamon bark meal up to 4.6% of DM feed did not affect CMCase, amilase, rumen parameters, kinetics of gas production, DMD, OMD and CFD but significantly (P0<0.05) decreased protease, rumen crude protein digestibility in incubation 48 h and increased crude protein digestibility in incubation 96 h. Based on T-RFLP analysis, the rumen bacterial diversity was not affected by the addition of cinnamon bark meal as cinnamaldehyde source T-RFLP analysis had a potency to detect community structure in response and to show rumen bacterial diversity in the rumen. Addition of cinnamon bark meal up to 4.6% of DM feed or equal to cinnamaldehyde with 800 mg/kg DM feed could be used as the feed additive for protected protein without any negative effects on rumen bacterial population and rumen fermenation

Kata Kunci : Kayu manis, Sinamaldehid, Aktivitas enzim, Parameter fermentasi rumen, T-RFLP