Efisiensi dan Perilaku Petani Terhadap Risiko Usahatani Padi Model Corporate Farming di Jawa Tengah

M.JONI ISKANDAR, Dr. Jamhari, S.P., M.P.

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER EKONOMI PERTANIAN

Salah satu upaya peningkatkan produksi padi sawah dengan kendala keterbatasan luas lahan adalah pendekatan corporate farming. Penelitian bertujuan untuk (i) mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi usahatani padi corporate farming Kabupaten Sukoharjo, (ii) mengkaji efisiensi teknis, ekonomi dan alokatif, (iii) mengkaji risiko produksi, (iv) mengkaji perilaku petani terhadap risiko usahatani padi corporate farming Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Lokasi penelitian ditentukan secara purposive di Gapoktan Tani Mandiri Dalangan Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan sensus dengan melibatkan seluruh anggota berjumlah 51 petani selama dua musim tanam. Faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi padi dianalisis menggunakan Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Efisiensi teknis, ekonomi dan alokatif dianalisis menggunakan fungsi produksi stokhastik frontier metode Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) program komputasi frontier 4.1c. Risiko produksi dianalisis menggunakan koefisien variasi (CV) sementara perilaku petani terhadap risiko diestimasi menggunakan teori Moscardy dan De Janvry (1977) yaitu perilaku atas dasar variabel yang memiliki kontribusi tertinggi terhadap produksi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan faktor yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi usahatani padi corporate farming adalah luas lahan dan pupuk Urea. Secara teknis, ekonomi dan alokatif usahatani padi corporate farming belum efisien dengan indeks sebaran rata-rata nilai efisiensi 0,75, 0,84 dan 1,12. Faktor sosial ekonomi yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap inefisiensi teknis antara lain pendidikan, jumlah anggota keluarga dan penyuluhan. Variasi rata-rata risiko produksi cukup tinggi sebesar 50,45%. Perilaku petani terhadap risiko menunjukkan 96% enggan terhadap risiko dengan sebaran petani yang enggan terhadap risiko rendah 35%, dan risiko sedang 65%.

One of the efforts to increase rice production with limited land area constraints is the corporate farming approach. The study aims to (i) examine the factors that influence the production of corporate farming of Sukoharjo Regency's farming, (ii) examine of technical, economic and allocative efficiency, (iii) examine production risk, (iv) examine the behavior of farmers towards the risk of corporate farming rice farming Sukoharjo Regency. The research location was determined purposively in Gapoktan Tani Mandiri Dalangan, Sukoharjo Regency. Sampling using a census involving all members totaling 51 farmers during the two growing seasons. Factors affecting rice production were analyzed using Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Technical, economic and allocative efficiency was analyzed using the frontier stochastic production function Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) frontier computing program 4.1c method. Production risk is analyzed using a coefficient of variation (CV) while farmer's behavior towards risk is estimated using the theory of Moscardy and De Janvry (1977), namely behavior on the basis of the variable that has the highest contribution to production. The result showed that the factors that significantly affected the production of corporate farming in rice farming were the area of land and urea fertilizer. Technically, economically and allocative corporate farming of rice farming has not been efficient with an average distribution index of efficiency values of 0.75, 0.84 and 1.12. Socio-economic factors that significantly affect technical inefficiencies include education, family size and counseling. The average variation in production risk is quite high at 50.45%. Farmers' behavior towards risk shows 96% are reluctant to risk with the distribution of farmers who are reluctant to low risk of 35% and moderate risk of 65%.

Kata Kunci : Kata kunci: corporate farming, faktor produksi, efisiensi, risiko dan perilaku terhadap risiko.