HUBUNGAN VARIASI GEN GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE M1 DENGAN KADAR KROMIUM DARAH: SEBUAH STUDI PADA PEKERJA BATIK KECAMATAN LENDAH KULON PROGO

WIDYA KHAIRUNNISA S, dr. Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahiningsih, PhD;Dr. Dra. Pramudji Hastuti, Apt, M.S

2020 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN

Latar belakang: Kromium merupakan logam berat yang banyak dijumpai di alam maupun sebagai hasil proses industri. Cr(III) merupakan komponen Glucose Tolerance Factor, sementara Cr(VI) merupakan karsinogen dan terdapat pada fiksator pewarna batik. Metabolisme kromium dibantu enzim Glutathione S-Tranferase yang dikode oleh gen GST, dengan salah satu subfamili yaitu GSTM1. Beberapa subjek dalam populasi memiliki delesi GSTM1 sehingga metabolisme kromium terganggu. Akumulasi kromium darah dapat memicu penyakit seperti kanker paru, ulserasi saluran pernafasan, dan dermatitis kontak. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan delesi gen GSTM1 dengan kadar kromium darah pada pekerja batik Kecamatan Lendah, Kulon Progo. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional dengan data sekunder. Subjek yang diteliti merupakan pekerja batik Kecamatan Lendah, Kulon Progo, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 39. Uji Fisher’s Exact Test dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan delesi GSTM1 dengan kadar kromium darah pekerja batik. Perbedaan rerata dan median kadar kromium darah pada kelompok delesi GSTM1 diuji dengan Mann Whitney dan uji median. Perbedaan rerata kadar kromium darah pada kelompok karakteristik subjek menggunakan Kruskall Wallis dan Mann Whitney. Hasil: Sebanyak 7 (17,95%) dari 39 subjek mengalami delesi GSTM1. Kadar kromium darah tinggi pada 35 pekerja batik dan normal pada 4 pekerja batik. Enam subjek mengalami delesi GSTM1 dan kadar kromium darah tinggi. Tidak terdapat perbedaan rata-rata kadar kromium darah pada kelompok usia, lama kerja, IMT, dan jenis kelamin (P = 0,262; 0,984; 0,164; 0,053). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara delesi GSTM1 dengan kadar kromium darah (p = 0,563). Tidak ada perbedaan rerata kadar kromium antara kelompok delesi maupun wild-type GSTM1 (p = 0,067). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara delesi gen GSTM1 dengan kadar kromium darah pada pekerja batik Kecamatan Lendah, Kulon Progo. Kadar kromium darah tinggi pada 35 subjek (89,74%). Kata Kunci: GSTM1, delesi GSTM1, glutation, kromium, metabolisme kromium, toksisitas kromium.

Background: Chromium is a heavy metal that present in nature and as a result of industrial processes. Cr (III) is a component of Glucose Tolerance Factor, while Cr (VI) is carcinogen and found in batik dye fixators. Chromium metabolism is influenced by Glutathione S-transferase (GST) which is encoded by the GST gene, and one of their subfamilies are GSTM1. Some subjects in the population have deletions in GSTM1 and cause the disturbance of chromium metabolism. Chromium accumulation can trigger some diseases such as lung cancer, respiratory tract ulceration, and contact dermatitis. Objective: Determine correlation between GSTM1 deletions and blood chromium levels among batik workers in Lendah, Kulon Progo. Method: This research was a cross sectional study using secondary data. 39 samples were taken from batik workers in Lendah District, Kulon Progo. Fisher’s Exact Test was performed to determine the relationship between GSTM1 deletions with blood chromium levels in batik workers. Differentiation of mean and median blood chromium levels in GSTM1 variation group were tested by Mann Whitney and median test. Difference in mean blood chromium levels of each subject characteristics was tested by Kruskall Wallis and Mann Whitney. Result: 7 (17,95%) subjects had deletions in GSTM1. Blood chromium levels were high in 35 batik workers and normal in 4 batik workers. Among 7 subjects who had deletions in GSTM1, 6 subjects had high blood chromium levels. No difference of mean blood chromium levels in every group (age, length of work, BMI and gender) (p= 0,262; 0,984; 0,164; 0,053). No correlation between GSTM1 deletions with blood chromium levels in batik workers (p = 0,563). No difference of mean blood chromium levels between deletions and wild-type groups (p = 0,067). Conclusion: No correlation between GSTM1 deletions and blood chromium levels among batik workers in Lendah district, Kulon Progo. 35 subjects had high blood chromium levels (89,74%). Keywords: GSTM1, GSTM1 deletions, glutathione, chromium, chromium metabolism, chromium toxicity.

Kata Kunci : GSTM1, delesi GSTM1, glutation, kromium, metabolisme kromium, toksisitas kromium/GSTM1, GSTM1 deletions, glutathione, chromium, chromium metabolism, chromium toxicity.