Dinamika Pengaturan Pemberhentian Presiden Dan/Atau Wakil Presiden Dalam Masa Jabatannya Menurut Sistem Ketatanegaraan di Indonesia

NABILA LUMANIAR, Andy Omara., S.H., M.Pub&Int.Law. Ph.D,

2020 | Skripsi | S1 HUKUM

Dalam sejarah ketatanegaraan di Indonesia, dimana sebelum amandemen UUD 1945, dua presiden Indonesia yaitu Soekarno dan Abdurrahman Wahid diberhentikan ditengah masa jabatannya. Namun saat itu belum ada pengaturan yang jelas mengenai proses impeachment dalam UUD 1945 (sebelum perubahan). Akhirnya saat amandemen ketiga UUD 1945 dirumuskan pasal 7A jo 7B mengenai impeachment presiden dan/atau wakil presiden. Untuk itu penulis akan meneliti tentang dinamika pengaturan pemberhentian presiden dan/atau wakil presiden dalam masa jabatannya di Indonesia sebelum dan sesudah amandemen UUD 1945. Penelitian ini bersifat yuridis normatif. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder. Sebagai penelitian hukum kepustakaan, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara melakukan studi kepustakaan atau studi dokumen cetak maupun digital untuk mencari aturan hukum dan berbagai sumber pustaka yang berkaitan dengan topik yang akan diteliti. Menggunakan teknik analisa data deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu dengan menguraikan, menjabarkan, menggambarkan dan menjelaskan konsep dan teori yang digunakan oleh penulis sebagai landasan pembahasan. Hasil dari penelitian ini penulis menyimpulkan bahwa tujuan perumusan pasal 7A jo 7B UUD 1945 saat amandemen ketiga UUD 1945 adalah 1) untuk semakin mengukuhkan supremasi hukum di Indonesia terbukti dengan dilibatkannya MK sebagai peradilan ketatanegaraan dan alasan impeachment yang kini dilimitasi dalam bingkai hukum. 2) menguatkan sistem presidensial dimana presiden memiliki jabatan tetap (fix term) dan bertanggungjawab langsung kepada rakyat, sehingga Presiden tidak dengan mudah dijatuhkan oleh parlemen (mosi tidak percaya) di tengah masa jabatannya seperti praktik dalam sistem parlementer. 3) prosedural impeachment dibuat lebih sulit dengan tiga tahapan (DPR, MK, MPR) dimaksudkan untuk menjaga stabilitas politik dan pemerintahan, sekaligus menghormati hasil pemilu yang sudah dipilih langsung oleh rakyat sebagai pemegang kedaulatan tertinggi dalam negara hukum yang bersifat demokratis.

Learn from historical experience of the nation, especially before the amendments of UUD 1945, two of the former Indonesian President, Ir. Soekarno and Dr. Abdurrahman Wahid was removed from the office on impeachment. But at that era the absence of regulations regarding impeachment of the nation leader in UUD 1945 (earlier version). Finally, the Third Amendment of UUD 1945 interpolates 2 articles (7A jo 7B) to regulate about the impeachment of the president and/or vice president in the term of the office. According to that, the writer is curious to research about the dynamics regulation of impeachment of the president and/or vice president in the term of office in Indonesia before and after the amandment of constitution of Indonesia. This research was a normative-juridical research. The data which was used by this research was secondary data from literature study. For a law literature study, this research was done by researching relevant articles of law and governmental documents either printed or digital and other types of reference which were related to the topic. The analysis was done by using descriptive-qualitative method to analyze, elaborate, describe, and explain about the concept and theory which was used by the writer as the foundation of explanation. As the result of this research, the writer concludes that the goal formulation of article 7A jo 7B in the UUD 1945 was to 1). to strengthen the supremacy of law in Indonesia, which was proven by the involvement of Constitution Court of Indonesia in its process and the reason of impeachment was limited only in the limits of law; 2). Enforcing the presidential system where president has a fixed term and answer directly to the people, thus cannot be impeached easily by the parliament (motion of no confidence) in term of service as usually happened/found in the parliamentary governmental system; 3). Make the impeachment process more complex by requiring it to pass through 3 stages (DPR, MK, MPR), so that this process was intended to guard the stability of politic and government, at once for the sake of regarding/tribute the results of election of the President and Vice President, which that have been elected directly by all the eligible members of a state. Where in the state who base on the democratic law, the people supposedly become the holder of the highest position/sovereignty in the nation.

Kata Kunci : Impeachment, Sistem Presidensial, Presiden dan Wakil Presiden