ANALISIS PERJALANAN COMMUTING SUAMI DAN ISTRI PEKERJA KOMUTER DI KAWASAN METROPOLITAN JABODETABEK

APRILIANI NURIDA D A, Dr. Sri Rum Giyarsih, M.Si ; Dr. Agus Joko Pitoyo, M.A.

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER KEPENDUDUKAN

Berbeda dengan laki-laki, perempuan terutama yang sudah menikah akan menghadapi kondisi yang lebih kompleks ketika masuk ke dunia kerja. Hipotesis tanggung jawab rumah tangga (Household Responsibility Hypothesis) menyatakan bahwa perempuan yang bekerja cenderung memiliki tanggung jawab yang lebih besar dalam hal mengurus rumah tangga, sebagai hasilnya adalah muncul kendala dalam hal waktu, sehingga memilih perjalanan kerja yang lebih pendek daripada laki-laki. Oleh karenanya dalam pembahasan terkait commuting, perlu dilakukan analisis yang terpisah antara komuter laki-laki dan perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji karakteristik demografi, sosial dan ekonomi suami istri pekerja komuter, mengidentifikasi perbedaan lama dan jarak perjalanan komuter suami istri dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi lama dan jarak perjalanan komuter suami istri. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan pengujian regresi logistik biner dari data sekunder Survei Komuter Jabodetabek Tahun 2014. Unit analisisnya adalah KRT dan/atau pasangannya yang bekerja dan melakukan kegiatan commuting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara suami dan istri komuter di Jabodetabek dalam hal lama maupun jarak perjalanan. Terdapat perbedaan variabel-variabel yang memengaruhi lama maupun jarak perjalanan komuter suami dan istri. Jika lama perjalanan suami dipengaruhi oleh variabel umur, tingkat pendidikan, jumlah jam kerja, status penguasaan tempat tinggal, pendapatan dan moda transportasi, maka lama perjalanan istri dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan balita, jumlah pekerja di rumah tangga, umur, tingkat pendidikan, pendapatan dan moda transportasi. Jarak perjalanan suami dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendidikan, lapangan usaha, status penguasaan tempat tinggal dan pendapatan. Sementara itu, jarak perjalanan istri dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan balita, lapangan usaha, status penguasaan tempat tinggal dan pendapatan.

Unlike men, women especially those who are married will face more complex conditions when entering the workforce. Married woman will face more complex conditions when entering the workforce. The Household Responsibility Hypothesis states that women who work tend to have more household and childcare responsibilities, as a result there are constraints in terms of time, so choosing shorter work trips than men. Therefore, in discussions related to commuting, separate analyzes of male and female commuters should be carried out. This study was designed to examine the demographic, social, and economic characteristics of commuting married female and male workers, identify differences in their commuting time and distance, and analyze the factors affecting these commuting time and distance. It employed a descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression to process the secondary data obtained from the Jabodetabek Commuter Survey in 2014. The unit of analysis is the household head and/or his spouse who worked and had to commute. The results showed that the average commuting times and distances of the female and male workers in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JABODETABEK) were significantly different. Also, the variables affecting their time and distance of commute were different. It is found that the commuting time of the married male workers is mostly affected by age, education level, length of working hours, home-ownership status, income, and mode of transportation, while the married female workers' commuting time depends on the presence of children under age five, the number of workers in the household, age, education level, income, and mode of transportation. As for the married male workers' commuting distance, it is influenced by education level, business field, home-ownership status, and income. Meanwhile, the presence of children under age five, business field, home-ownership status, and income are proven to control the married female workers' commuting distance.

Kata Kunci : commuting suami isteri, perjalanan, pekerja komuter/ commuting married female and male, travel, commuter workers