ANALISIS DISTRIBUSI APOTEK BERDASAR KINERJA STANDAR PELAYANAN KEFARMASIAAN MELALUISISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS

NURA ALI DAHBUL, Dr. Satibi,M.Si, Apt; Dr.Susis Ari Kristina,M.Kes, Apt;Dr. Nanang Munif Yasin,M.Pharm,Apt; dr.Lutfan Lazuardi,M.Kes, PhD.

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU FARMASI

INTISARI Apotek sebagai fasilitas kesehatan primer yang menjangkau seluruh lapisan masyarakat. Faktor lokasi apotek berperan dalam kualitas pelayanan dan keberlangsungan bisnis apotek. Tujuan penelitian memberikan gambaran mengenai profil distribusi apotek melalui sistem informasi geografis dari segi aksesibilitas masyarakat dalam pelayanan apotek berdasar standar WHO dan Kemenkes, mengevaluasi pelayanan kefarmasian apotek wilayah Pekalongan sesuai permenkes no 73 tahun 2016 serta evaluasi faktor pertimbangan lokasi dalam proses perijinan apotek. Penelitian berupa cross-sectional menggunakan analisis deskriptif non eksperimental secara kuantitatif. Pengumpulan sampel sejumlah 111 apotek terdiri 55 apotek Kota Pekalongan dan 56 apotek Kabupaten Pekalongan. Analisis distribusi apotek melalui sistem informasi geografis diperoleh melalui visualisasi terhadap peta persebaran apotek Kota dan Kabupaten Pekalongan. Analisis aksesibilitas pelayanan apotek dengan perhitungan rasio antara jumlah apotek dengan jumlah penduduk di setiap kecamatan Kota dan Kabupaten Pekalongan dibandingkan dengan standar WHO yaitu 1:2000 apoteker dan standar Kemenkes yaitu 1: 8.333 apoteker. Evaluasi tentang prosedur pelayanan kefarmasian terdiri dari pengelolaan sediaan farmasi dan pelayanan farmasi klinis sesuai standar Permenkes no 73 tahun 2016. Analisis data dibagi tiga kategori yaitu baik (81-100%), cukup (61-80%), dan kurang (20-60%). Evaluasi faktor pertimbangan melalui wawancara gambaran proses perijinan apotek oleh Dinas Kesehatan dan IAI. Hasil distribusi apotek belum merata di seluruh wilayah Pekalongan. Empat kecamatan di Kabupaten Pekalongan belum berdiri apotek dan banyak apotek terkonsentrasi pada titik tertentu di pusat kota, dekat rumah sakit dan dekat pasar. Hasil aksesibilitas masyarakat terhadap pelayanan apotek, diperoleh lima kecamatan yaitu 47 apotek Kabupaten Pekalongan memenuhi syarat Kemenkes. Hasil pengelolaan obat apotek wilayah Pekalongan kategori cukup yaitu 75,04 % apotek Kota dan 70,06% apotek Kabupaten Pekalongan. Hasil pelayanan farmasi klinis di wilayah Pekalongan kategori cukup yaitu 55,32% apotek Kota Pekalongan dan 57,45% apotek Kabupaten Pekalongan. Hasil pengelolaan SDM kategori cukup yaitu 82,36% apotek Kota Pekalongan dan 78,57% wilayah Kabupaten Pekalongan. Hasil Sarana dan Prasarana kategori cukup yaitu 67,66% di apotek Kota Pekalongan dan 66,51% apotek Kabupaten Pekalongan. Evaluasi oleh Dinas kesehatan dan IAI yaitu faktor lokasi sangat berperan penting dalam proses perijinan apotek. Kata Kunci :Apotek, Sig, Distribusi apotek, Pelayanan kefarmasian, Pekalongan.

ABSTRACT Pharmacy as a primary health facility that reaches all levels of society. Pharmacy location factors play a role in the quality of service and business continuity of the pharmacy. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the pharmacy distribution profile through geographical information systems in terms of community accessibility in pharmacy services based on WHO and Ministry of Health standards, evaluating pharmacy services in the Pekalongan region according to Permenkes No. 73 of 2016 as well as evaluating location considerations in the pharmacy licensing process. This research was a cross-sectional study using quantitative non-experimental descriptive analysis. Sample collection was 111 pharmacies consisting of 55 pharmacies in Pekalongan City and 56 pharmacies in Pekalongan Regency. Analysis of pharmacy distribution through geographic information systems is obtained through visualization of the distribution map of the City and Regency Pekalongan pharmacies. Analysis of pharmacy service accessibility by calculated the ratio between the number of pharmacies and the population in each sub-district of the City and Regency of Pekalongan compared with WHO standards of 1: 2000 pharmacists and Ministry of Health's standard of 1: 8.333 pharmacists. Evaluation of pharmaceutical service procedures consists of managing pharmaceutical preparations and clinical pharmacy services according to Permenkes standard 73 of 2016. Data analysis was divided into three categories: good (81-100%), sufficient (61-80%), and less (20-60 %). Evaluation of consideration factors through interviews describing the pharmacy licensing process by the Health Office and IAI. Pharmacy distribution results have not been evenly distributed throughout Pekalongan. Four sub-districts in Pekalongan Regency were not yet have pharmacies and many pharmacies were concentrated at a certain point in the city center, near hospitals and near markets. The results of public accessibility to pharmacy services, obtained five districts, 47 pharmacies Pekalongan Regency meets the requirements of the Ministry of Health. The results of pharmacy drug management in the Pekalongan region are adequate, namely 75.04% City pharmacies and 70.06% Pekalongan Regency pharmacies. The results of clinical pharmacy services in the Pekalongan region are sufficient categories, namely 55.32% Pekalongan City pharmacies and 57.45% Pekalongan Regency pharmacies. The result of adequate HR management was 82.36% in the pharmacy in Pekalongan City and 78.57% in the Pekalongan Regency area. The results of the Facilities and Infrastructure category are sufficient, namely 67.66% in the pharmacy of Pekalongan City and 66.51% of pharmacies in Pekalongan Regency. Evaluation by the Department of Health and IAI, which is the location factor plays an important role in the pharmacy licensing process. Keywords: pharmacy, sig, pharmacy distribution, pharmacy services, pekalongan.

Kata Kunci : Apotek, Sig, Distribusi apotek, Pelayanan kefarmasian, Pekalongan