U.S. COUNTER-TERRORISM EFFORTS POST-9/11: SURVEILLANCE PROGRAMS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TO THE PRACTICES OF DEMOCRACY

CAHAYU AGDA BENNA S, Dr. Nur Rachmat Yuliantoro, S.I.P., M.A.(IR)

2020 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

Setelah serangan 11 September, pemerintah Amerika Serikat meluncurkan perang melawan teror dan mengambil berbagai macam upaya dalam menanggapi ancaman terorisme. Namun, dominasi kebijakan keamanan berorientasi defensif telah mempengaruhi nilai dan pemahaman pemerintah Amerika terhadap demokrasi dan hak-hak sipil. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan konstruktivis dan operasi pengawasan massal, atau masssurveillance, sebagai kasus paradigmatik, skripsi ini meneliti dinamika upaya pemerintah Amerika dalam melawan terorisme dan dampaknya terhadap praktik demokrasi. Orientasi keamanan Amerika Serikat pasca 9/11 tidak selalu disertai dengan alat-alat perlindungan hak sipil, hal tersebut tidak hanya membahayakan fungsi demokrasi, tetapi juga telah mengubah hubungan antara negara dan masyarakat. Seiring dengan berkembangnya operasi pengawasan masal, hak sipil warga Amerika terhadap kebebasan berbicara dan privasi mempunyai arti yang baru dan telah dikorbankan demi keamanan dalam negeri.

Following the September 11 attack, the U.S. government waged a war on terror and took various measurements in response to the threat of terrorism. Yet, the dominance of a defensive security-oriented policy have greatly influenced how democracy and U.S civil rights are valued and represented. Utilizing a constructivist approach and mass-surveillance as a paradigmatic case, this thesis examines the dynamics of U.S. counter-terrorism efforts and their impact on the practices of democracy. It is argued that post-9/11 security-oriented measures have not always been accompanied by proper liberty protection tools, this has not only endangered the functions of democracy, but has also transformed state-society relations accordingly. As surveillance operations widens, Americans civil rights to free speech and privacy are redefined and compromised in favor of the so-called U.S. homeland security.

Kata Kunci : 9/11, U.S. counter-terrorism, mass-surveillance, American democracy