Berilah Aku Tangan: Kesadaran dan Penanganan Penyandang Disabilitas Fisik di Indonesia Pada Masa Rehabilitasi 1946-1971

WILDAN HABIBI, Dr. Sri Margana

2020 | Skripsi | S1 SEJARAH

Penyandang disabilitas dipandang dan diperlakukan secara berbeda-beda tergantung tempat dan masanya. Penelitian ini membahas sebuah masa bagi penyandang disabilitas fisik di Indonesia ketika mereka dipandang kurang sehingga harus disendirikan untuk kemudian direhabilitasi. Bagaimana ide rehabilitasi muncul dan berkembang? Apakah usaha tersebut berhasil? Jika iya, lantas mengapa? Apa dampak rehabilitasi bagi penyandang disabilitas? Pertanyaan tersebut berusaha dijawab dengan penelitian yang berdasar atas metode sejarah yaitu pemilihan tema, heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan penulisan. Sedangkan metodologi yang dipakai adalah sejarah disabilitas. Penelitian ini akan berargumen bahwa sejak Masa Revolusi penyandang disabilitas fisik di Indonesia dipandang secara medis melalui praktik rehabilitasi. Ide utama dari praktik tersebut adalah untuk "mengganti yang hilang" dari penyandang disabilitas fisik baik dalam aspek medis maupun sosial. Para dokter dan teknisi, yang telah memulai rehabilitasi, bisa berhasil melakukan praktik tersebut lantaran adanya dukungan dari pihak internasional dan negara. Setelah berhasil membangun sebuah sistem yang lengkap, ide rehabilitasi sejak 1957 lantas disebarkan baik dalam cakupan Indonesia maupun internasional melalui pendidikan dan pendirian cabang. Salah satu yang dianggap "buah" dari rehabilitasi adalah adanya partisipasi para penyandang disabilitas dalam memajukan bidang olahraga disabilitas. Sayang, "buah" tersebut dijalankan dalam rangka rehabilitasi yang berarti tetap mempertahankan hierarki dan status quo.

Persons with disabilities have been treatening differently depending on the place and time. This thesis discusses a specific time for people with physical disabilities in Indonesia when they were seen as "a lacking one" so that they must be isolated and then rehabilitated. How did the idea emerge and develop? Was the practice of rehabilitation successful? If so, then why? What was the impact of rehabilitation for persons with disabilities? These questions try to be answered step by step start from identifying the theme and research questions, heuristics, evaluating the authenticity and accuracy of material sources, analyzing the findings, and lastly writing the narrative stories. To be done with the method, this thesis uses the history of disability as a methodology. This thesis argues that since the Revolutionary Period, persons with physical disabilities in Indonesia were viewed medically through rehabilitation practices. The main idea of the practice was "to replace the lost" of persons with physical disabilities in both medical and social aspects. Doctors and technicians, whom the rehabilitation gets started by, could succeed the practices because of state and international organizations support. After successfully strengthening and completing the system, since 1957 the idea of rehabilitation was then spread both in Indonesia and international through education and the establishment of branches of the institution. One of the deemed rehabilitation "yields" was the participation of persons with disabilities in advancing the field of disability sports. Unfortunately, the "yield" was carried out in the context of rehabilitation, which means maintaining the hierarchy and status quo.

Kata Kunci : Penyandang Disabilitas Fisik, Indonesia, Rehabilitasi, Sejarah Disabilitas