KOMPARASI HAK DAN AKSES MASYARAKAT DALAM PROGRAM PHBM DAN IPHPS DI DESA GONGSENG, KABUPATEN PEMALANG

APRILLIAN IQBAL PASHA, Dr. Dwiko Budi Permadi, M.Sc.

2020 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Perubahan sistem pengelolaan sumber daya hutan di wilayah Perhutani dari Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat (PHBM) menjadi Izin Pemanfaatan Hutan Perhutanan Sosial (IPHPS) menyebabkan perubahan hak dan akses masyarakat terhadap sumber daya hutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan hak dan akses secara aktual terhadap sumber daya hutan ketika program IPHPS mulai diimplementasikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Pemilihan informan dilakukan terhadap 3 key informant dengan purposive sampling dan 13 informan dengan snowball sampling. Data analisis menggunakan Analysis Interactive Model menurut Miles dan Huberman untuk mengetahui persepsi hak dan akses masyarakat atas sumber daya hutan dalam program PHBM dan IPHPS. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat peningkatan hak dan akses masyarakat terhadap sumber daya hutan sesudah diterapkan program IPHPS. Ketika program PHBM, hak yang diterima masyarakat hanya berupa hak akses, hak pemanfaatan, dan hak pengelolaan. Setelah diterapkan program IPHPS, masyarakat mendapatkan hak akses, hak pemanfaatan, hak pengelolaan, hak pencegahan dan hak alienasi. Ketika program PHBM, masyarakat mendapatkan akses modal dan pasar, pengetahuan dan tenaga kerja. Setelah diterapkan program IPHPS masyarakat mendapatkan akses terhadap tenaga kerja serta mengalami peningkatan akses terhadap modal dan pasar, pengetahuan, dan teknologi. Persepsi masyarakat terhadap hak dan akses yang didapatkan ketika program IPHPS adalah masyarakat telah mendapatkan hak melakukan kegiatan, mendapatkan pendampingan dan mendapatkan hasil usaha pemanfaatan. Dari hak yang diberikan, masyarakat mendapatkan akses terhadap modal, teknologi, dan pengetahuan.

Changes in the management system of forest resources in the Perhutani region from the Community based forest management (PHBM) to the Social Forestry Scheme (IPHPS) have caused changes in community rights and access towards forest resources. This research aims to find out changes in actual rights and access to forest resources when the IPHPS program begins to be implemented. This research used a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data is collected by in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The 2 key informants are selected by using purposive sampling and 13 informants are selected by using snowball sampling. Data were analyzed using the Analysis Interactive Model by Miles and Huberman to determine the perceptions of community rights and access to forest resources in the PHBM and IPHPS program. The results showed there was an increase in community rights and access to forest resources after the IPHPS program was implemented. When the community were in PHBM program, the given rights to the community are only in the form of access rights, withdrawal rights, and management rights. After the IPHPS program was implemented, people gott access rights, withdrawal rights, management rights, exclusion rights, and alienation rights. When the PHBM program were implemented, the community got the access to capital and markets, as well as knowledge. After the IPHPS program was implemented, the community gained access to technology and increased access to capital and markets, as well as knowledge. The community perception of the rights and access that were obtained when the IPHPS program was implemented was that the community has gained the rights to carry out activities, to get assistance,and to get outcome. From the rights that have been given, people are getting access to capital, technology, and knowledge.

Kata Kunci : IPHPS, PHBM, Hak dan Akses, Perhutani