The Utilization of Football as a Tool in Peacebuilding Process in Serra Leone

M ISMAIL MUCHFI H A, Dr. Diah Kusumaningrum S.IP., M.A.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

Peacebuilding dilakukan untuk menemukan sumber kekerasan, pendekatan tertentu digunakan, dalam harapan untuk membangun perdamaian yang bertahan lama. Namun tetapi, pendekatan yang konvensional belum bekerja dengan baik terutama di kalangan rakyat. Olahraga, terutama sepakbola menjadi alternative untuk proses peacebuilding terutama di Afrika, dimana sepakbola memiliki ketertarikan yang tinggi dikarenakan ke popularitasanya yang tinggi. Melalui studi kasus di Sierra Leone, tesis ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki mekanisme sepakbola seabgai intrumen di proses peacebuilding di Serra Leone. Menggunakan teori Rekonstruksi (rehabilitasi) dan Rekonsiliasi Galtung, yang mengatakan bahwa rehabilitasi adalah untuk menyembuhkan pikiran korban dan pelaku, dan rekonsiliasi bertujuan untuk membangun hubungan positif yang baru. Temuan-temuan skripsi ini mengindikasi kan bahwa ada 5 organisasi yang menggunakan sepakbola di dalam proses peacebuilding, yang sebagai berikut, Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Camp (DDR), Single Leg Amputee Sports Association (SLASA), Youth in Action Sierra Leone (YASAL), World Vision International (WVI), and Play 31. 5 Organisasi tersebut memiliki kesamaan dan perbedaan di dalam mekanisme menggunakan sepakbola utuk proses peacebuilding. Sebagai contoh, DDR Camp menggunakan sepakbola untuk menjauhkan anak-anak dari kekerasan, sedangkan untuk SLASA, menggunakan sepakbola untuk menghilankan trauma para kaum disabilitas. Namun, organisasi-organisasi tersebut memiliki tujuan yang sama, yang adalah merehabilitasi dan merekonsiliasi para korban dan pelaku yang akan hidup bersama kembali.

As peacebuilding seek to address the source of violent, particular approaches was utilize in hoping to build a long-lasting peace. However, these approaches have not yet work effectively particularly in the grassroots area. Sports especially football has become an alternative tool for peacebuilding process significantly in Africa, as football has a strong appeal because of its popularity within the nations. Through a case study on Sierra Leone, this thesis aims to explore the mechanism of football as an instrument in the peacebuilding process within the nation. Using Galtung�s Reconstruction (rehabilitation) and Reconciliation theories which argues that rehabilitation is to heal the mind of the victims and reconciliation is to rebuilt a new positive relation among the victims and the perpetrators football become a substitute approach in peacebuilding process. The findings of this thesis indicate that there are five different organizations that implement football within the peacebuilding process in Sierra Leone which are, Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Camp (DDR), Single Leg Amputee Sports Association (SLASA), Youth in Action Sierra Leone (YASAL), World Vision International (WVI), and Play 31. In which each organization have similarities and differences in mechanisms in regards of fostering rehabilitation and reconciliation. For instances, DDR utilize football to keep away the former child soldiers from engaging in violence, as for SLASA, they focus on the disable by using football as a way to heal the amputee�s trauma. Yet, all organizations have the same goal which is to rehabilitate and reconcile the victims and combatants as both parties will start reintegrate.

Kata Kunci : Sierra Leone, Peacebuilding, Reconstruction, Rehabilitation, Reconciliation, DDR Camp, Single Leg Amputee Sports Association, YASAL, WVI, Play 31.