Deteksi Hemotropic Mycoplasmosis (Hemoplasmosis) dan Potensi Faktor Risikonya pada Populasi Kucing di Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

HANIFAH NISRINA C, Dr. drh. Widagdo Sri Nugroho, M.P.

2020 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Hemoplasma felis merupakan bakteri mycoplasma penyebab hemotropic mycoplasmosis di seluruh dunia. Organisme ini dikenal sebagai bakteri yang bersifat parasitik obligat, golongan Gram negatif, tidak berdinding sel, cenderung menempel pada permukaan sel darah merah serta mampu menginduksi hemolisis anemia. Penelitian ini membuktikan keberadaan hemoplasmosis telah terjadi pada populasi kucing kesayangan di wilayah Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian telah dilakukan dari Juni hingga Oktober 2019, didapatkan 24 sampel apus darah kucing di empat klinik hewan kecil di Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Metode preparat apus darah kemudian difiksasi dengan methanol, diwarnai dengan Giemsa, kemudian dilakukan pengamatan secara mikroskopis untuk mendeteksi adanya Hemoplasma spp. Sebanyak 21 (87.5%) dari total 24 sampel terdeteksi positif hemotropic mycoplasmosis (hemoplasmosis). Identifikasi faktor risiko yang berpotensi meningkatkan kemungkinan terinfeksi diantaranya lebih sering pada kucing jantan dibandingkan betina, dengan ras domestik dan mixed dan kucing tidak dikastrasi. Faktor risiko lainnya seperti adanya riwayat gigitan atau cakaran dan tranfusi darah menunjukkan berpotensi hemoplasmosis. Tingginya proporsi transmisi hemotropic mycoplasmosis juga akibat dari transmisi companion vector-borne diseases (CVBD). Kucing yang dipelihara dengan manajemen outdoor, pemberian akses luar rumah dan tempat tinggal di wilayah pinggiran dan perkotaan memiliki potensi risiko lebih terhadap hemoplasmosis.

Hemoplasma felis is a bacteria that causes hemotropic mycoplasmosis in cats and distributed world-wide. This organism has been known as parasitic obligate, unculturable Gram-negative, wall-less epieritrocytic bacteria that inducing severe hemolytic anemia in red blood cells (RBC). This study conducted (June till October 2019) in order to identify the presence of hemotropic mycoplasma in cats in Sleman District, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Twenty four blood specimens in four small animal clinics in Sleman District. Slides of blood smears were fixated with methanol, stained with Giemsa and observed with a microscope to detect the presence of Hemoplasma spp. There are 21 (87.5%) from 24 samples detected positive hemotropic mycoplasmosis (hemoplasmosis). There was a significantly higher potential risk for male, domestic and mixed, non-castrated cats as the factors for being infected which relevant to aggressive behavior. Another documented risk factors were the wounds from bites and/or scratches during aggressive quarreling among the cats. The higher risk of being transmitted hemotropic mycoplasmosis and also transmitted by companion vector-borne diseases (CVBD). Hemotropic mycoplasmosis is quite common with outdoor management and more access. Our study also documented that cats that live in sub-urban and urban areas are potential additional risk infected hemoplasma from environmental transmission vector among the cats.

Kata Kunci : hemotropic mycoplasmosis, bakteri, companion vector-borne diseases (CVBD), Hemoplasma spp.