KINERJA INDUK SAPI POTONG DI DESA PONJONG, PONJONG, GUNUNGKIDUL

YULI SUMANTRI, Ir. Panjono, S.Pt., M.P., Ph.D., IPM., ASEAN Eng.; Dr. Ir. Sigit Bintara, M.Si., IPM., ASEAN Eng.

2020 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja induk sapi potong di Desa Ponjong, Ponjong, Gunungkidul. Penelitian melibatkan 48 orang peternak beserta 57 ekor induk sapi potong yang terdiri dari enam ekor Sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO), 27 ekor Sapi Simmental Peranakan Ongole (SimPO), dan 24 ekor Limousin Peranakan Ongole (LimPO). Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode wawancara dan pengamatan langsung di lapangan. Data yang diambil meliputi karakteristik peternak, sistem pemeliharaan, dan kinerja induk. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Perbedaan nilai antar bangsa sapi dianalisis dengan one way analysis of variance. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 54,17% peternak sapi di Desa Ponjong masih tergolong usia produktif, 41,67% peternak merupakan lulusan Sekolah Dasar. Jumlah kepemilikan ternak sebesar 1,19±0,44 Unit Ternak (UT) dan hanya 10,41% peternak mempunyai pengetahuan birahi dengan baik. Peternak memelihara ternak dengan cara diikat dalam kandang sepanjang hari, 79,17% perkawinan dilakukan dengan Inseminasi Buatan (IB), dan bahan pakan yang diberikan berupa rumput dan limbah pertanian. Umur pubertas sapi PO, SimPO, dan LimPO berturut-turut adalah 16,67±1,03, 17,7±2,11, dan 17,29±2,01 bulan. Umur pertama dikawinkan sapi PO, SimPO, dan LimPO berturut-turut adalah 24,00±4,00, 24,48±5,71, dan 24,08±5,45 bulan. Post partum estrus (PPE) sapi PO, SimPO, dan LimPO berturut-turut adalah 95,00±22,58, 193,11±181,65, dan 193,92±172,57 hari. Lebih lanjut, post partum mating (PPM) sapi PO, SimPO, dan LimPO berturut-turut adalah 193,92±172.57, 199,26±177,74, dan 200,58±169,17 hari. Service per conception (S/C) sapi PO, SimPO, dan LimPO berturut-turut adalah 3,33±1,97, 2,48±1,22, dan 2,33±0,92 kali. Selain itu, lama bunting sapi PO, SimPO, dan LimPO berturut-turut adalah 281,50±2,59, 280,81±2,00, dan 281,00±2,15 hari. Interval kelahiran (IK) sapi PO, SimPO, dan LimPO di Desa Ponjong berturut-turut adalah 409,00±46,52, 480,07±177,58, dan 481,58±168,80 hari. Kinerja induk sapi PO, SimPO, dan LimPO di Desa Ponjong berbeda tidak nyata dan menunjukkan nilai PPE, PPM, IK yang panjang dan S/C yang tinggi. Disimpulkan bahwa kinerja induk sapi potong di Desa Ponjong masih rendah.

This study was aimed to observe the reproductive performance of cows at Ponjong Village, Ponjong District, Gunungkidul Regency. Fourty eight farmers along with their 57 cows that were consisted of six head of Ongole Grade (PO), 27 head of Simmental-Ongole Grade (SimPO), and 24 head of Limousin-Ongole Grade (LimPO) were used in this study. Data was colected using interview method and direct field observation. The observed variables included farmers characteristics, raising management system, and cow's performance. The data were analyzed as quantitative descriptive. One way analysis of variance was used to analyze the difference among breeds. The result showed that 54.17% of farmers were in the productive age, 41.67% of farmers were just elementary school graduated. The farmers raised as many as 1.19 ± 0.44 Animal Unit (AU) of cows per person. Most of the cows were housed and tied all day. The animals fed with grass and agriculture waste. About 79.17% of the cows mated with artificial insemination and 10.41% of farmers knew the estrus signal well. Age of puberty of PO, SimPO, and LimPO cows were 16.67±1.03, 17.7±2.11, and 17.29±2.01 months. Age at first mating of PO, SimPO, and LimPO cows were 24.00±4.00, 24.48±5.71, and 24.08±5.45 months. Post partum estrus (PPE) of PO, SimPO, and LimPO cows were 95.00±22.58, 193.11±181.65, and 193.92±172.57 days. Furthermore, post partum mating (PPM) of PO, SimPO, and LimPO cows were 193.92±172.57, 199.26±177.74, and 200.58±169.17 days. Service per conception (S/C) of PO, SimPO, and LimPO cows were 3.33±1.97, 2.48±1.22, and 2.33±0.92 times. Moreover, gestation period of PO, SimPO, and LimPO cows were 281.50±2.59, 280.81±2.00, and 281.00±2.15 days. Calving interval (CI) of PO, SimPO, and LimPO cows were 409.00±46.52, 480.07±177.58, and 481.58±168.80 days. Reproductive performance among breeds were not significantly different and indicated long of PPE, PPM, CI and high S/C. It is concluded that the reproductive performance of cows at Ponjong Village is low.

Kata Kunci : Sapi Potong, Kinerja Induk, Desa Ponjong