Hubungan Antara Status Sosial-Ekonomi dengan Skor Dietary Diversity Pada Balita Usia 6-12 Bulan

SUBHAN ZAIN A, Dr. Toto Sudargo, SKM, M.Kes; Dr. dr. Emy Huriyati, M.Kes

2020 | Skripsi | S1 GIZI KESEHATAN

Latar Belakang: Balita usia 6-12 bulan sangat rentan mengalami skor dietary diversity pada MP-ASI yang rendah. Dietary diversity diketahui dapat memprediksi terjadinya stunting pada balita. Dietary diversity merupakan indikator yang berguna untuk mengetahui kualitas diet hingga kecukupan makronutrien dan mikronutrien. Status sosial-ekonomi merupakan faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi skor dietary diversity balita karena berkaitan dengan kemampuan untuk mengakses makanan. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara status sosial-ekonomi dengan skor dietary diversity pada balita usia 6-12 bulan di Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Metode: Desain penelitian cross-sectional dilaksanakan pada November sampai Desember 2018. Respoden adalah balita usia 6-12 bulan berjumlah 282 balita yang didapatkan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Skor dietary diversity didapatkan berdasarkan food recall 24 jam balita. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil: Sebanyak 44,7% responden mendapatkan skor dietary diversity tinggi (mean 3,33 ± 1,65). Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan jenis kelamin balita (p = 0,017), pekerjaan ayah (p = 0,005) dan total penghasilan keluarga (p = 0,000) berhubungan secara signifikan dengan skor dietary diversity balita. Hasil regresi logistik ganda diketahui variabel yang paling dominan adalah total penghasilan keluarga (AOR = 2,381 95% CI: 1,424-3,981). Simpulan: Pada penelitian ini mayoritas skor dietary diversity balita termasuk rendah. Status sosial-ekonomi yang berhubungan signifikan terhadap skor dietary diversity pada balita usia 6-12 bulan adalah jenis kelamin balita, pekerjaan ayah dan total penghasilan keluarga. Variabel paling dominan berhubungan dengan skor dietary diversity balita adalah total penghasilan keluarga.

Background: Children aged 6-12 months are very susceptible to get low dietary diversity scores in their complementary feeding. Dietary diversity is known to predict stunting in children. Dietary diversity is a useful indicator to determine the quality of the diet as far as the adequacy of macronutrients and micronutrients. Socio-economic status is a factor that can affect children's dietary diversity score because it is related to the ability to access food. Objective: To determine the association between socio-economic status and dietary diversity scores in children aged 6-12 months in Kulon Progo Regency. Method: The cross-sectional study design was carried out in November-December 2018. Respondents were children aged 6-12 months with total 282 children obtained by purposive sampling technique. Dietary diversity scores were obtained based on child food recall 24-hour. Data were analyzed by chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Results: As many as 44.7% of respondents received high dietary diversity scores (mean 3.33 ± 1.65). Chi-square test results indicate the sex of children (p = 0.017), father's occupation (p = 0.005) and total family income (p = 0,000) significantly associated to children dietary diversity score. The result of multiple logistic regression revealed that the most dominant variable was total family income (AOR = 2.381 95% CI: 1.424-3.981). Conclusion: In this study the majority of children dietary diversity scores were low. Socio-economic status that significantly related to dietary diversity scores in children aged 6-12 months are sex of children, father's occupation and total family income. The most dominant variable associated with a children dietary diversity score is total family income.

Kata Kunci : Balita, MP-ASI, Dietary diversity, Sosial-ekonomi, Indonesia