PENGARUH Pb, Cd dan Hg terhadap PERKEMBANGAN, PERFORMA RENANG dan HISTOLOGIS INTESTINUM EMBRIO dan LARVA IKAN WADER PARI (Rasbora latestriata Bleeker, 1854)

NANA DAHLIA, Dr. Bambang Retnoadji, S. Si, M. Sc.

2019 | Tesis | MAGISTER BIOLOGI

Tahap kehidupan awal ikan sangat penting bagi dinamika populasi ikan karena banyak kematian selama masa embrio dan larva. Embrio dan larva ikan sensitif terhadap stressor lingkungan seperti kontaminasi Pb, Cd dan Hg yang berasal dari limbah antropogenik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendedahan Pb, Cd, Hg dan campuran tiga logam tersebut selama 36 jam terhadap perkembangan, performa renang dan histologis intestinum pada embrio dan larva ikan wader pari (Rasbora latestriata). Penelitian ini telah dilakukan dari Bulan Maret-Agustus 2019 di Laboratorium Struktur dan Perkembangan Hewan Fakultas Biologi UGM. Penelitian menggunakan embrio wader pari berusia kurang dari 4 hpf yang diberi perlakuan kontrol dan pendedahan Pb, Cd, Hg dan campuran tiga logam tersebut selama 36 jam. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 11 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan sebagai berikut: kontrol, Pb konsentrasi 5, 10 dan 15 ppm, Cd konsentrasi 5, 10 dan 15 ppm, Hg konsentrasi 0,01, 0,05 dan 0,1 ppm, dan mix (campuran Pb 1 ppm + Cd 1 ppm + Hg 0,1 ppm). Parameter yang diamati dan diukur dalam penelitian adalah periode penetasan, daya tetas telur, penampakan kardiak dan yolk, Laju denyut jantung, pigmentasi, sintasan, morfometri, segmen vertebra, performa renang, dan histologi intestinum. Data hasil percobaan diuji dengan analisis statistik one way ANOVA menggunakan software IBM SPSS Statistik 22 dan uji lanjut Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan dengan Pb, Cd, Hg dan mix berpengaruh terhadap periode penetasan, daya tetas telur, penampakan kardiak dan yolk, pigmentasi, sintasan, panjang baku, performa renang, panjang vili dan jumlah sel goblet intestinum tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap Laju denyut jantung dan segmen vertebra.

The early life stages of fish are crucial for the dynamics of fish population because of the highest mortality during embryonic and larval stages. At this stage, fish embryos and larvae are sensitive to environmental stressors such as Pb, Cd and Hg that come from anthropogenic waste. This study aims to investigate the effect of exposure Pb, Cd, Hg and mixture for the period of 36 hours on the development, swimming performance and intestine histological structure on fish embryo and larvae (Rasbora latestriata). This research was conducted from March to August 2019 at the Laboratory of Animal Structures and Development, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University. The research used embryo of wader pari aged below 4 hpf who were treated with control and exposure to Pb, Cd, Hg and mix for 36 hours. The study design used a completely randomized design (RAL) method with 11 treatments and 3 replications as follows: control, concentration of Pb 5, 10 and 15 ppm, concentration of Cd 5, 10 and 15 ppm, concentration of Hg 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 ppm, and mix (Pb 1 ppm + Cd 1 ppm + Hg 0.1 ppm). The parameters of the study were period of hatching, hatching rate, heart rate, survival rate, pigmentation, morphometry, vertebrae segment, swimming performance, villi length and Goblet cells number. The experimental data were tested by one way ANOVA statistical analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software and Duncan as a post hoc test. The results showed that exposure to Pb, Cd, Hg and mixture affected to hatching period, hatching rate, cardiac and yolk appearance, pigmentation, survival rate, standard length, swimming performance, villi length and Goblet cells number, respectively but did not affect to heart rate and vertebrae segment.

Kata Kunci : Rasbora latristriata, perkembangan embrio, struktur intestinum, performa renang.