POPULASI DAN SELEKSI HABITAT LUTUNG JAWA (Trachypithecus auratus) DI RESORT BAMA TAMAN NASIONAL BALURAN

Nadhifa Putri Artanti, Dr. Satyawan Pudyatmoko, S.Hut., M.Sc

2019 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Lutung jawa (Trachypithecus auratus) merupakan satwa endemik Pulau Jawa. Berdasarkan Red List International Unioun for Corservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), lutung jawa termasuk dalam kategori rentan dengan pengurangan populasi hingga 30% dalam tiga generasi terakhir akibat perdagangan ilegal dan menyusutnya habitat karena terfragmentasi. Taman Nasional Baluran (TNB) menjadi salah satu habitat alami lutung jawa. Penyebaran lutung jawa dapat ditemukan pada ekosistem hutan mangrove, hutan pantai dan hutan musim dataran rendah dan penyebarannya paling banyak terdapat di Resort Bama. Lutung jawa memiliki ketergantungan terhadap vegetasinya sebagai pakan dan cover. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adala untuk mengetahui populasi lutung jawa, seleksi habitat, dan karakteristik habitat lutung jawa di TNB. Metode pengambilan data populasi dan sebaran lutung jawa menggunakan plot berupa jalur dengan panjang 0,5-3 km menyesuaikan dengan kondisi lapangan dengan lebar jalur 100 m. Data vegetasi berupa komposisi jenis pohon dan persen penutupan tajuk diambil secara sistematis menggunakan protocol sampling mengikuti jalur transek saat pengambilan data populasi lutung jawa. Data vegetasi diambil menggunakan plot berbentuk lingkaran dengan jari-jari 11,3 m (luas 0,04 ha) dengan jarak antar plot 500 m. Pengambilan data vegetasi dilakukan pada vegetasi tingkat pohon dan tiang yang berperan bagi lutung jawa, baik untuk sumber pakan maupun cover. Berdasarkan observasi di lapangan diketahui dugaan populasi untuk setiap tipe habitat adalah hutan sekunder sebanyak 95 ind/km2, savana sebanyak 2 ind/km2, hutan mangrove sebanyak 48 ind/km2, dan dugaan populasi total seluruh area Resort Bama sebesar 115 ind/km2. Lutung jawa menyukai habitat tertentu berupa hutan mangrove dan hutan sekunder dengan nilai indeks seleksi habitat masing-masing sebesar 1,756 dan 1,873. Karakteristik habitat yang paling berpengaruh bagi lutung jawa yaitu penutupan tajuk yang berfungsi sebagai cover serta jumlah tiang untuk kebutuhan pakan bagi lutung jawa.

Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus) is an endemic species of Java island. Javan langur is listed by the International Union Red List for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) as vulnerable, with population reduction up to 30% in last three generations. Illegal trade and habitat loss because of fragmentation are the cause of its population decline. Baluran National Park (BNP) is one of javan langur natural habitat. The distribution of Javan langur in BNP can be found in mangrove forest, coastal forest and lowland seasonal forests and widely spread in the Bama Resort. Javan langur has a dependency on the vegetation as its diet and cover. The objectives of this research are to know javan langurs population, its habitat selection and the characteristic of javan langurs habitat in BNP. The population and distribution of javan langur were collected with line transect. The size of each transect plot was 0.5-3 km length adjusting with field condition and a 100 m width. The vegetation data, which were tree species composition and percent canopy cover, were collected systematically with protocol sampling inside the line transect for collecting javan langurs population. The data were collected by making circular plots with radius of 11,3 m for each plot (plot area is 0,04 ha) and distanced 500 m between plots. Percent canopy cover was collected in each plot with ocular tube. This vegetation data were collected in tree stage and pole stage which play vital role to javan langur, both for diet sources and cover. The results from this study showed that the estimated population of javan langurs were 95 individuals/km2 in secondary forest, 2 individuals/km2 in savanna and 48 individuals/km2 in mangrove forest. Therefore, the estimated number of javan langurs in all habitat types in Bama resort was 115 individuals/km2. This result indicates that Javan langurs did a selection for their habitat. Javan langurs selected specific habitat types such as mangrove and secondary forest with habitat selection index values are 1,756 and 1,873. The most influential habitat characteristics for javan langurs are canopy as a cover and the number of poles for food needs for javan langurs.

Kata Kunci : Lutung Jawa, Vegetasi, Seleksi Habitat, Taman Nasional Baluran; Javan Langur, Vegetation, Habitat Selection, Baluran National Park