Proses Adaptasi Sistem Pertanian Subak di Daerah Transmigrasi (Studi di Kecamatan Tinanggea, Kabupaten Konawe selatan, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara)

I PUTU MAHAR DIKA P, Prof. Dr. Partini, SU; Dr. Ir. Wiryono P. S.J., M.Sc.

2019 | Tesis | MAGISTER PENYULUHAN DAN KOMUNIKASI PEMBANGUNAN

Proses Adaptasi Sistem Pertanian Subak di Daerah Transmigrasi (studi di Kecamatan Tinanggea, Kabupaten Konawe Selatan, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti proses adaptasi sistem pertanian subak di daerah transmigrasi yang berbeda latar belakang. Penelitian dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif eksplanatif. Informan penelitian ditentukan secara purposive. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa peran aktor, tokoh masyarakat dan penyuluh pertanian tidak memiliki kontribusi yang besar terhadap proses adaptasi sistem pertanian subak di Kecamatan Tinanggea. Subak di daerah transmigrasi terjadi proses adaptasi terhadap nilai-nilai atau subsitem subak sebagai berikut: subsistem budaya, yang berkaitan dengan pelaksanaan upacara ritual subak, di Kecamatan Tinanggea pelaksanaan upacara ritual subak tidak sekomplek upacara ritual subak yang ada di Bali atau lebih disederhanakan. Subsistem sosial, berkaitan dengan pengaturan pembagian air, struktur kepengurusan, pemungutan iuran, serta sanksi dalam penerapan sistem pertanian subak di Kecamatan Tinanggea terjadi adaptasi, mulai dari penyebutan istilah-istilah dalam kepengurusan organisasi subak hingga penerpan sanksi yang sifatnya lebih fleksibel dan bersifat kebijaksanaan. Subsistem artefak/kebendaan di Kecamatan Tinanggea masih didirikan bangunan suci subak, seperti Pura maupun Sanggah, namun di Kecamatan Tinanggea hanya ada Pura Bedugul dan Sanggah catu. Subak di Bali, selain Pura Bedugul dan Sanggah Catu juga memiliki Pura Ulun suwi atau masceti, yang disungsung oleh beberapa daerah irigasi subak. Pada setiap daerah irigasi ada pula pura Ulun empelan, yang terletak di dekat bendungan atau pengambilan air. Faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat proses adaptasi sistem pertanian subak di Kecamatan Tinanggea. Faktor pendukungnya yaitu; kontak budaya dan kontribusi subak bagi peningkatan hasil pertanian, sedangkan faktor penghambatnya yaitu; adat atau kebiasaan, bahasa, dan agama. Kata kunci: Proses adaptasi, sistem pertanian subak, daerah transmigrasi

Adaptation Process of Subak Agriculture Systems in Transmigration Areas (study in Tinanggea District, Konawe Selatan Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province). This study aims to examine the process of adaptation of subak agricultural systems in transmigration areas with different backgrounds. Research using qualitative explanative methods. The research informants were determined purposively. The results showed that the role of actors, community leaders and agricultural instructors did not have a major contribution to the process of adaptation of the subak farming system in Tinanggea District. Subak in the transmigration area there is a process of adaptation to subak values or sub-items as follows: cultural subsystem, which is related to the implementation of subak rituals, in Tinanggea District the implementation of subak rituals is not as complex as the subak rituals in Bali or more simplified. Social subsystems, relating to water distribution arrangements, management structures, fee collection, and sanctions in the application of subak farming systems in Tinanggea District, have been adapted, from the mention of terms in the management of subak organizations to the adoption of more flexible and policy sanctions. The artifact/ material subsystem in Tinanggea Subdistrict still built subak sacred buildings, such as the Pura and Sanggah, but in Tinanggea District there are only Pura Bedugul and Sanggah supply. Subak in Bali, besides Pura Bedugul and Sanggah Catu, also have Ulun Suwi or Pura Masceti , which is functioned by several subak irrigation areas. In each irrigation area there is also the Pura Ulun empelan, which is located near a dam or water extraction. Supporting factors and factors inhibiting the process of adaptation of subak farming systems in Tinanggea District. Supporting factors are; cultural contact and subak contribution to increasing agricultural output, while the inhibiting factors are; customs or habits, language, and religion. Keywords: Adaptation process, subak farming system, transmigration area

Kata Kunci : Proses adaptasi, sistem pertanian subak, daerah transmigrasi