Peranan Pola Mr (Management Regimes) Dalam Pembangunan Sumberdaya Hutan Terhadap Perum Perhutani Dan Masyararat

Dwiko Budi Permadi, Dr. Ir. Wahyu Andayani, M.S.

2001 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Permasalahan berbagi lahan (transfer of resources) dalam model pengelolaanhutan jati optimal (PHJO) pola MR berkaitan dengan upaya untuk memadukan kepentingan Perum-Perhutani dan Masyarakat desa hutan terhadap sumberdaya hutan. Pembangunan sumberdaya hutan secara efisien pada pola tersebut berkaitan dengan apakah peningkatan input, baik modal (Perum Perhutani) maupun tenaga kerja langsung (Pesanggem) akan dapat memaksimumkan produktifitas lahan hutan dalam bentuk produk kayu pertukangan, kayu bakar dan pangan bagi masyarakat desa, sehingga pola tersebut berperan dalam memecahkan permasalahan sosial ekonomi masyarakat desa hutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keuntunganjrentabilitas pola MR, sekaligus kontribusinya terhadap produktivitas lahan hutan, kesempatan kerja dan pendapatan masyarakat desa hutan. Obyek penelitian adalah kasus uji coba model PI-DO pola MR (MR I, II, III, dan IV) di KPH Madiun. Data pokok yang dikumpulkan meliputi 1) data sekunder, yaitu pertumbuhan tegakan di plot permanen, perkembangan produksi tanaman pangan, dan data biaya pengelolaan hutan, 2) data primer terdiri atas data curahan tenaga kerja pesanggem di lahan andilfplong-plongan dan pendapatan anggota rumah tangga selama setahun. Peranan pola MR didekati dari empat sifat sistem, yaitu efisiensi/rentabi!itas, produktivitas, aseptabilitas, dan ekuitabilitas. MetOde analisis data menggunakan 1) analisis finansialjekonomi dengan kriteria investasi NPV, IRR, dan BCR, 2)analisis sosial ekonomi dengan cara tabulasi untuk mengetahui besarnya tenaga kerja langsung tanaman pangan (HOK/ha), pendapatan keluarga pesanggem dan perhitungan pemerataan pendapatan di kalalangan pesanggem serta nilai balas jasa tenaga kerja pesanggem. Penelitian ini mengasumsikan bahwa perkembangan tegakan di lapangan sesuai dengan onsep MR, riap tegakan konstan sampai umur 40 tahun dan KBD setelah umur tersebut tidak berubah sampai akhir daur, nilai sewa lahan hutan berupa PBB tidak diperhitungkan, dan nilai input dan output didasarkan pada harga konstan tahun 2000. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa 1) secara ekonomi, semua pola MR memberikan tingkat keuntungan yang layak (efisien) pada discount rate 4,21 %, akantetapi secara finansial, hanya pola MR Idan MR IV yang efisien pada suku bunga riil 9,68 %, 2) pola MR memberikan kontribusi yang lebih baik dalam hal peningk

The transfer of resources problem in Optimum of Teak Forest Management project using Management Regimes (MR) model is related with the efforts to integrate the needs of Perum Perhutani and local people to the forest resources. The efficient forest resources development in such model is related with whether the increase of inputs, either capital (Perum Perhutani) or employee (Forest Farmer, FF) will directly be able to maximaze forestlands productivity to produce processed wood, fuel wood and food crops for villages, and this model will play its role in solving social economic problem for local people. This research aims to discover the profit rate/rentability of MR model, and its contribution to torestlands productivity, job opportunities, and local people income. The opject of this research is an implementation of Social Forestry Programes L sing MR models (MR I, II, III and IV) in Madiun Forest District. The premier data collected includes 1) secondary data, that is upright growth in permanent plot, food plant product establishment and forest management cost data, 2) primary data, consist of the numbers of FF employee data in andil/plong-plongan and household income per year. The role of MR is approached with four natures systems, efficiency/rentability, productivity, acceptability, and equitability. Data analysis method employs 1)financial/economy analysis using investment criterion of NPV, IRR, and BCR, 2) social economic analysis using tabulation to discover the number of direct labors in planting food crops (HOK/ha), FF household's incomes and income distribtuion valuation and also the wage value for their works. This research assume that upright development in practice is in line with MR concept, constant upright stand increment until the age of 40 and KBD after that specified age do not change until the final rotation, forest land rent value such as PBB is not considered, either input or output value is based on constant price in the year 2000. The result of this research concludes that 1) economically, all models of MR give a proper efficient benefit in the discount rate of 4,21 %, but financially, only MR Iand MR IV which are efficient with deposit interest of 9,68 %. 2) MR model gives a better contribution to the increase of increment volume of teak, non-teak fuel wood (e.g. Johar and Sono) and gives value-added for food cmps of product, 3) Forest Farmers still .risk their household income from plong-plongan, and 4) with the existence of MR model, gap of income rate for FF can be improved, however, the receiver of this big benefit is the farmer whose land with area of 0,5 ha or more. The wage for FF direct employee in the development of forest resources is still very low and this research suggests benefit share appointment to be revised based on value and the number of FF employee proportion in andil land.

Kata Kunci : Pola MR, Sifat sistem, Analisis finansial/ekonomi, Analisis sosial ekonomi