Penghidupan Ekonomi Petani Pemegang Izin Pemanfaatan Hutan Perhutanan Sosial (IPHPS) di Desa Genengsari, Kecamatan Toroh, Kabupaten Grobogan

GITA NABILA PUTRI, Slamet Riyanto, S.Hut., M.Si.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Di wilayah kerja Perum Perhutani, perhutanan sosial diterapkan dengan skema IPHPS yang diatur dalam Permen LHK Nomor 39 Tahun 2017. Perhutanan sosial diharapkan mampu memperbaiki penghidupan ekonomi masyarakat. Penghidupan yang dimaksud yaitu akses, aset dan aktivitas masyarakat untuk memperoleh pendapatan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji (1) akses, aset dan aktivitas petani (2) keragaman sumber dan besaran pendapatan petani (3) kontribusi pendapatan dari hutan terhadap pendapatan total petani. Data primer diperoleh dengan mewawancarai 110 anggota Gabungan Kelompok Tani Giri Indah yang berjumlah 1.095 petani yang dihitung menggunakan rumus Slovin. Metode deskriptif kualitatif digunakan untuk menarasikan perubahan akses terhadap sumberdaya hutan dan akses terhadap bantuan. Aset petani yang berupa luas penguasaan lahan dianalisis dengan metode perbandingan. Pendapatan petani merupakan nilai dari kompensasi faktor produksi ditambah kiriman. Kontribusi pendapatan dari hutan diukur dari pangsa relatif pendapatan dari dalam kawasan hutan terhadap pendapatan total. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) dengan IPHPS, petani mempunyai akses untuk mengusahakan tanaman kayu dan tanaman MPTS serta petani lebih mudah untuk mendapatkan akses terhadap bantuan (2) luas rata-rata penguasaan lahan di kawasan hutan menurun sebesar 0,03 hektar (3) dengan IPHPS, petani dapat melakukan aktivitas berupa pengusahaan tanaman kayu dan tanaman MPTS (4) sumber pendapatan petani diperoleh dari keuntungan usaha tani, keuntungan ternak, upah dan gaji, keuntungan dagang, keuntungan industri, pendapatan dari sektor jasa, hasil dari sewa dan kiriman (5) rata-rata pendapatan petani sebelum IPHPS adalah Rp 27.030.541/KK/tahun, sedangkan sesudah IPHPS, pendapatan petani belum mengalami perubahan (6) pendapatan berasal dari hutan berkontribusi sebesar 36,49% terhadap pendapatan total.

In the working area of Perum Perhutani, social forestry is implemented using the IPHPS scheme regulated in Ministerial Regulation of LHK Number 39 of 2017. Social forestry is expected to be able to improve the economic livelihood of the community. The livelihood includes access, asset and activity of the community to earn income. Therefore, this study aims to examine (1) access, assets, and activities of farmers (2) diversity of source and the amount of farmers income (3) contribution of forest income to the total income of farmers. Primary data were obtained by interviewing 110 members of the Giri Indah Famer Association which was as many as 1,095 farmers calculated using the Slovin formula. Qualitative descriptive method was used to narrate changes in access to forest resources and access to the assistance. The farmers asset which was in the form of land tenure was analyzed using the comparison method. The farmers income was the compensation value of production factor plus transfer. The income contribution from forest was measured from the relative share of income from forest area to the total income. The results show that (1) with IPHPS, farmers have access to cultivate timber and MPTS plants and farmers are easier to get access to assistance (2) the average area of land tenure in the forest decreased by 0.03 hectares (3) with IPHPS, farmers can engage in activities in the form of cultivating timber and MPTS plants (4) the income source of the farmers was obtained from farming activity, livestock, wage and salary as an employee, trade profit, industry profit, income from service sector, income from rent and transfer (5) the average income of the farmers before IPHPS was Rp 27,030,541/head of family/year, while after IPHPS, the income of farmers had not yet changed (6) income from the forest contributed 36.49% to the total income.

Kata Kunci : Perhutanan sosial, IPHPS, penghidupan, pendapatan, akses, aset lahan