REPRESENTASI HETERONORMATIVITAS SEBAGAI RELASI GENDER HEGEMONIK DI DALAM NOVEL SERI CROSSFIRE KARYA SYLVIA DAY

RATNANGGANA A M P, Dr. Wening Udasmoro, M.Hum., D.E.A.

2019 | Tesis | MAGISTER SASTRA

INTISARI Penelitian ini berjudul Representasi Heteronormativitas Sebagai Relasi Gender Hegemonik di dalam Novel Seri Crosssfire Karya Sylvia Day. Fokus penelitian ini adalah mengenai konstruksi hegemoni maskulin yang terbagi menjadi dua, yakni maskulin subhegemonik dan maskulin suprahegemonik. Keberadaan keduanya membawa bentuk opresi terhadap perempuan. Kelompok heteroseksual merupakan sebuah kelompok yang dominan. Hal tersebut menyebabkan kelompok nonheteroseksual sebagai subordinat. Terdapat sebuah indikasi berupa hubungan heteroseksual yang berujung pada objektivikasi terhadap perempuan. Meskipun demikian, relasi gender yang terjadi didominasi oleh relasi heteroseksual. Novel seri Crossfire karya Sylvia Day ini terbagi menjadi lima seri, yakni Bared to You (2010), Reflected in You (2012), Entwined with You (2013), Captivated by You (2014), dan One with You (2016). Di dalam novel seri ini terdapat permasalahan mengenai hubungan heteroseksual sebagai relasi gender hegemonik. Melalui konsep heteroseksualitas, Beasley (2011) menyatakan adanya konsep natural dari heteroseksualitas yang perlu diubah. Konsep natural heteroseksualitas mengacu pada sebuah ketidakadilan dan relasi kuasa yang mengakibatkan perempuan tertindas. Beasley ingin menggali lebih dalam bahwa dalam memandang heteroseksualitas perlu diidentifikasi kemungkinan-kemungkinan adanya aksi yang dilakukan untuk memperoleh kenikmatan baik itu secara seksual maupun sosial. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Day memunculkan sebuah wacana berupa keberadaan maskulin subhegemonik dan maskulin suprahegemonik yang berupaya melanggengkan kekuasaan patriarki. Opresi tersebut berbentuk penggunaan perempuan sebagai objek seksual. Maskulin suprahegemonik tidak berada pada puncak relasi kuasa, melainkan berkuasa bersama maskulin subhegemonik. Dari hasil bacaan, peneliti menemukan adanya upaya perempuan di dalam novel untuk memberikan penawaran sebagai perlawan. Perempuan tidak serta merta menuruti semua kehendak dan perintah dari laki-laki. Penawaran tersebut memungkinkan adanya ruang untuk bernegosiasi.

ABSTRACT This research entitled The Representative of Heteronormativity as The Hegemony Gender Relation in Series Novel Crossfire by Sylvia Day. Focus of this research is about the hegemony masculinity construction that has been divided into two; those are sub-hegemonic masculinity and supra-hegemonic masculinity. The sub-hegemonic masculinity in this novel is a bisexual. Meanwhile, the supra-hegemonic masculinity in this novel is a heterosexual. The existence of these two bring out the oppression towards women. The heterosexuals are still being considered as the dominant. Thus, it made the non-heterosexuals become subordinate. There is an indication that it happens in the novel. The series novel by Sylvia Day has five books: those are Bared to You (2010), Reflected in You (2012), Entwined with You (2013), Captivated by You (2014), and One with You (2016). In these novels, there is a problem within the heterosexual relation as the hegemony gender. Through the concept of heterosexuality, Beasley (2011) brings a new reading where the natural concept of heteronormativity should be changed. The natural concept of heterosexuality refers to inequities and dominant relation that makes the oppression towards women happened. In this case, Beasley wants to say that it needs to be identified the possibilities to act and enjoy within heterosexuality. The result of this search shows that Day wants to give a hint through the existence of sub-hegemonic masculinity and supra-hegemonic masculinity. Both of them are still trying to oppress women. They oppress the women by using them as a sexual object. The supra-hegemonic masculinity is not on the top of dominant relation. The supra-hegemonic masculinity and the sub-hegemonic masculinity both have control over each other. Thus, it does not make supra-hegemonic masculinity a dominant and sub-hegemonic masculinity a subordinate. Further research, it has been found that there are some resistances that have been done by a woman. She goes against the mans will. She offers some bargains to the man. Those bargains are made as a possibility to make a room for negotiation. There are some give and takes as a way to make the power does not go vertically.

Kata Kunci : maskulinitas, heteroseksualitas, heteronormatif, maskulin subhegemonik, maskulin suprahegemonik, masculinity, heterosexuality, heteronormativity, sub-hegemonic masculinity, supra-hegemonic masculinity