KEBIJAKAN EKONOMI-POLITIK PERBURUAN KOMERSIAL PAUS DALAM PEMBANGUNAN WHALING TOWNS DI JEPANG

MASRUROH NOER HASANAH, Dra. Siti Daulah Khoriati, M.A.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

Skripsi ini menganalisis peran aktif pemerintah Jepang dalam upaya pembangunan whaling towns yang terdampak negatif pasca pemberlakuan moratorium 1985/1986 IWC (International Whaling Commission) tentang larangan perburuan komersial terhadap paus, dengan berlandaskan pada konsep Capitalis Developmental State yang menjelaskan peran besar pemerintah atau negara dalam proses pembangungan, ditujukan agar sektor industri perburuan paus dapat terus dilestarikan mengingat bahwa perburuan paus tidak hanya menunjang taraf hidup masyarakat pesisir wilayah whaling towns tetapi juga memiliki berbagai makna, seperti sosial, budaya, dan politik, yang lahir dari sejarah panjang aktivitas perburuan paus di Jepang. Untuk melihat peran negara, skripsi ini akan mengarah pada kebijakan-kebijakan ekonomi-politik terkait perburuan paus, terutama adalah keputusan pemerintah pada akhir Desember 2018 untuk keluar dari keanggotaan IWC yang merupakan organisasi penyokong International Convention on the Regulation of Whaling sebagai rezim internasional konservasi paus dan kembali mengaktifkan industri komersial perburuan paus yang difokuskan pada sektor perburuan paus wilayah perairan ZEE Jepang. Intervensi negara dalam upaya pembangunan whaling towns melalui beberapa kebijakan ekonomi-politik perburuan paus ini mendapatkan respon positif dan dukungan dari tidak hanya oleh pemerintah lokal whaling towns tetapi juga pelaku industri. Karena keterbatasan waktu peneliatan, penulis belum mampu mengukur efektivitas dari dua kebijakan besar tersebut terhadap pembangunan whaling towns.

ABSTRACT This thesis analyzes the role of the Japanese government in the development of whaling towns, that were negatively affected after the enactment of moratorium 1985/1986 that banned commercial whaling, based on the Capitalist Developmental State concept which explains the great role of the government or state in economic development compared to the role of market or private actors. This role of the state in the development of the whaling towns is intended so that the whaling industry sector can be preserved given that whaling does not only support the living standards of the coastal communities of the whaling towns but also has various meanings, such as social, cultural, and political, which were born from a long history of whaling activity in Japan. To get a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of the role of the state, this thesis will focus on the political economic policies related to whaling, especially Japan�s decision taken at the end of December 2018 to withdraw its membership at International Whaling Commission (IWC), an organization body founded in 1946 as the follow up of the International Convention on the Regulation of Whaling, and to resume commercial whaling industry that would be conducted within Japan�s own exclusive economic zone. State intervention in the effort to develop whaling towns through several economic and political policies on whaling has received positive responses and support from not only the local government of whaling towns but also private sectors. Due to limited research period, the effectiveness of said political economy policies on the construction of whaling towns will not be discussed in this thesis.

Kata Kunci : Perburuan paus, peran negara, intervensi, Jepang, Capitalist Developmental State, moratorium 1985/1986, International Whaling Commission.