KENDALA PERUBAHAN PERILAKU BUANG AIR BESAR SEMBARANGAN DI DESA GUNTUR, PURWOREJO

SARIA PUTRI BIOTIKA, Prof. Dr. Su Ritohardoyo, M.A.; Dr. Niken Wirasanti, M.Si.

2019 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU LINGKUNGAN

Pelaksanaan pemicuan STBM (Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat) Pilar 1 di desa Guntur telah dilaksanakan sejak tahun 2017 namun desa tersebut belum mencapai status Open Defecation Free (ODF) dan masih memiliki tingkat BABS tertinggi di Kabupaten Purworejo. Tingkat BABS di desa Guntur ini masih jauh dari target pemerintah di mana seluruh desa di Indonesia mencapai status 100% Open Defecation Free (ODF) pada tahun 2019. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pemicuan STBM Pilar 1, penerimaan masyarakat terhadap STBM Pilar 1 dan kendala yang menyebabkan masyarakat desa Guntur belum merubah perilaku BABSnya beserta alasannya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di desa Guntur, Kecamatan Bener, Kabupaten Purworejo dengan metode penelitian kualitatif. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah seorang fasilitator STBM dan lima natural leader desa Guntur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan pemicuan STBM Pilar 1 di desa Guntur belum optimal karena masih terdapat beberapa kegiatan yang tidak dilaksanakan seperti tansect walk, praktik kontaminasi air, praktik alur kontaminasi oral fecal dan monitoring pasca pemicuan. Kurangnya keuntungan ekonomis dari membangun septic tank, kurangnya pemanfaatan media, kebiasaan masyarakat yang masih mengalirkan tinja langsung ke kolam ikan lele, tingkat ekonomi masyarakat yang rendah, dan kurang aktifnya peran natural leader, pemerintah desa serta puskesmas ikut berperan dalam proses penerimaan masyarakat terhadap STBM Pilar 1. Kendala utama yang menyebabkan masyarakat desa Guntur belum menerima STBM Pilar 1 sepenuhnya dan mengubah perilaku BABSnya adalah pelaksanaan pemicuan belum optimal, pembangunan septic tank belum menjadi prioritas utama masyarakat, serta peran natural leader, pemerintah desa dan puskesmas yang kurang aktif dalam mendukung perubahan perilaku BABS masyarakat.

Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) Pillar 1 has been carried out in almost all villages in Indonesia including Guntur village since 2017 but the village has not yet achieved Open Defecation Free (ODF) status and still has the highest BABS level in Purworejo Regency. The open defecation level in Guntur village is still far from the government's target where all villages in Indonesia achieve 100% Open Defecation Free (ODF) status by 2019. The purpose of this study are to determine the implementation of CLTS Pillar 1, community acceptance of CLTS Pillar 1 and constraints that cause people not to change their OD behavior. This research was conducted in the village of Guntur, Bener District, Purworejo Regency with qualitative research methods. The participants in this study were the facilitator and five natural leaders of Guntur village. The results showed that CLTS Pillar 1 triggering activities in Guntur village were not optimal because there were still some activities that were not implemented such as transect walks, water contamination practices, oral fecal flow practices, and monitoring. The lack of economic benefit from building a septic tank, the lacking of media used, the habit of community that still dispose their feces directly into catfish pond, the low level of community's economic, the natural leaders, village government and puskesmas that does not play an active role will affect in the community acceptance process of CLTS Pillar 1. The main problem that caused the community of Guntur village has not yet fully accept the CLTS Pillar 1 and changed their open defecation behavior are the triggering activities of CLTS Pillar 1 in Guntur village were not optimal, to build a septic tank has not yet become community's priority, and the natural leaders, village government and puskesmas that does not play an active role in supporting community's OD behavior changes.

Kata Kunci : STBM Pilar 1, pemicuan, septic tank, kolam ikan lele / CLTS Pillar 1, triggering, septic tank, catfish ponds