ANALISIS RESPON KESIAPSIAGAAN DAN KAPASITAS MASYARAKAT MENGHADAPI BENCANA : STUDI KASUS ERUPSI GUNUNGAPI KELUD KABUPATEN KEDIRI

Diana Puspitasari, Dr. Danang Sri Hadmoko, M.Sc.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 GEOGRAFI LINGKUNGAN

Gunungapi Kelud menjadi salah satu Gunungapi aktif di Indonesia yang memiliki letusan dengan tipe eksplosif. Kejadian erupsi pada tahun 2014 menimbulkan kerusakan dan kerugian bagi masyarakat yang tinggal di lokasi terdampak secara langsung dan berdampak tidak langsung untuk wilayah lain. Desa Puncu merupakan salah satu desa yang terdampak parah kerusakan bangunan, infrastruktur, dan lahan pertanian akibat erupsi. Selain itu, dampak tidak langsung di luar wilayah terdampak langsung berupa jatuhan abu vulkanik yang menganggu aktivitas masyarakat, kesehatan pernapasan, hingga penerbangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) melakukan analisis media sosial dalam respon kesiapsiagaan masyarakat dalam menghadapi bencana erupsi sebagai upaya peningkatan kapasitas masyarakat dan pengurangan risiko bencana dan (2) menentukan tingkat kapasitas masyarakat dalam menghadapi bahaya erupsi Gunungapi Kelud. Penelitian dilakukan terkait respon masyarakat terhadap kejadian erupsi Kelud tahun 2014 diperoleh dengan pengumpulan data media sosial twitter yang diolah dan dianalisis untuk meperoleh perubahan respon masyarakat secara temporal berdasarakan perubahan status Gunungapi, sebaran spasial, dan analisis sosio-temporal bencana. Penelitian terkait kapasitas diperoleh menggunakan metode wawancara, studi literatur, identifikasi lapangan, dan penilaian serta pemetaan tingkat kapasitas dalam menghadapi bencana masyarakat Desa Puncu. Indikator yang digunakan diturunkan berdasarkan Perka BNPB Nomor 2 tahun 2012. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan yaitu 98 sampel yang dihitung secara stratified random sampling untuk masing-masing dusun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan respon masyarakat berdasarkan temporal menunjukkan lonjakan aktivitas media sosial pada perubahan status siaga-awas, hal ini menjadi indikasi kejadian erupsi dari analisis media sosial. Sebaran spasial respon pengguna media sosial twitter terpusat di Pulau Jawa terutama di Provinsi Jawa Timur untuk wilayah terdampak langsung. Hasil analisis sosio-temporal menunjukkan bahwa hasil tanggapan masyarakat melalui twitter berdasarkan tahap peringatan, dampak, dan tanggap darurat-pemulihan mencerminkan kondisi dan perubahan kejadian di lokasi. Hasil penilaian tingkat kapasitas masyarakat dalam menghadapi bahaya erupsi Gunungapi Kelud di Desa Puncu menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kapasitas masyarakat berada pada tingkat sedang dan rendah. Tingkat kapasitas masyarakat di setiap dusun berbeda-beda. Dusun Laharpang memiliki persentase kapasitas penduduk rendah yang lebih tinggi dari dusun lainnya sebesar 56%.

Kelud Volcano is one of the active volcanoes in Indonesia which has explosive eruptions. The eruption in 2014 caused damage and losses to the people living in the affected area directly and indirectly affected other areas. Puncu Village is one of the villages that was badly affected by damage to buildings, infrastructure and agricultural land due to eruption. In addition, indirect impacts outside the area affected directly in the form of volcanic ash fall that disrupts community activities, respiratory health, and to flights. This study aims to: (1) carry out social media analysis in response to community preparedness in the face of eruption disasters as an effort to increase community capacity and reduce disaster risk and (2) determine the level of community capacity in dealing with the eruption danger of Kelud Volcano. Research conducted related to community responses to the 2014 Kelud eruption incident was obtained by collecting social media Twitter data that was processed and analyzed to get temporal changes in community response based on changes in volcanic status, spatial distribution, and socio-temporal analysis of disasters. Capacity related research was obtained using interviews, literature studies, field identification, and capacity level mapping and assessment in dealing with disasters in Puncu Village community. The indicators used were derived based on Perka BNPB Number 2 of 2012. The number of samples used was 98 samples that were calculated by stratified random sampling for each hamlet. The results showed temporal community responses showed a spike in social media activity on changing alert-alert status, this being indication of eruption from social media analysis. Spatial distribution of Twitter social media user responses is concentrated in Java, especially in East Java Province for directly affected areas. The results of the socio-temporal analysis show that the results of community responses via Twitter based on the stages of warning, impact, and emergency-recovery response reflect conditions and changes in the location of events. The results of community capacity level assessments in facing the danger of eruption of Kelud Volcano in Puncu Village show that the level of community capacity is at medium and low levels. The level of community capacity in each hamlet is different. Laharpang hamlet has a low percentage of population capacity that is higher than other hamlets by 56%. Kelud Volcano is one of the active volcanoes in Indonesia which has explosive eruptions. The eruption in 2014 caused damage and losses to the people living in the affected area directly and indirectly affected other areas. Puncu Village is one of the villages that was badly affected by damage to buildings, infrastructure and agricultural land due to eruption. In addition, indirect impacts outside the area affected directly in the form of volcanic ash fall that disrupts community activities, respiratory health, and to flights. This study aims to: (1) carry out social media analysis in response to community preparedness in the face of eruption disasters as an effort to increase community capacity and reduce disaster risk and (2) determine the level of community capacity in dealing with the eruption danger of Kelud Volcano. Research conducted related to community responses to the 2014 Kelud eruption incident was obtained by collecting social media Twitter data that was processed and analyzed to get temporal changes in community response based on changes in volcanic status, spatial distribution, and socio-temporal analysis of disasters. Capacity related research was obtained using interviews, literature studies, field identification, and capacity level mapping and assessment in dealing with disasters in Puncu Village community. The indicators used were derived based on Perka BNPB Number 2 of 2012. The number of samples used was 98 samples that were calculated by stratified random sampling for each hamlet. The results showed temporal community responses showed a spike in social media activity on changing alert-alert status, this being indication of eruption from social media analysis. Spatial distribution of Twitter social media user responses is concentrated in Java, especially in East Java Province for directly affected areas. The results of the socio-temporal analysis show that the results of community responses via Twitter based on the stages of warning, impact, and emergency-recovery response reflect conditions and changes in the location of events. The results of community capacity level assessments in facing the danger of eruption of Kelud Volcano in Puncu Village show that the level of community capacity is at medium and low levels. The level of community capacity in each hamlet is different. Laharpang hamlet has a low percentage of population capacity that is higher than other hamlets by 56%.

Kata Kunci : Gunungapi Kelud, Erupsi, Kapasitas Bencana, Kesiapsiagaan, Media Sosial, Twitter