KARAKTERISTIK HABITAT BURUNG JALAK PUTIH (Acridotheres melanopterus) DI KAWASAN SUAKA MARGASATWA MUARA ANGKE JAKARTA

GIBA CHRISNAINTI ZIGANIS, Dr. Satyawan Pudyatmoko, S.Hut., M.Sc.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Jalak Putih (Acridotheres melanopterus) merupakan jenis burung endemik di Pulau Jawa dan Bali. Statusnya menurut IUCN termasuk kategori terancam punah (Critically Endangered). Burung ini mengalami penurunan jumlah di alam akibat kehilangan habitat, eksploitasi manusia, serta tingginya transaksi jual beli burung Jalak Putih. Habitat burung ini berupa savana, hutan, dan semak belukar. Suaka Margasatwa Muara Angke (SMMA) memiliki ekosistem utama berupa mangrove. Fenomena unik ketika burung Jalak Putih ditemukan di SMMA di samping pembangunan Jakarta yang pesat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik habitat burung Jalak Putih di kawasan SMMA. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMMA dengan luas 25,05 ha. Kawasan SMMA dibagi menjadi grid dengan ukuran 100x100 m. Pengamatan burung Jalak Putih menggunakan metode titik hitung pada setiap grid. Data karakteristik habitat yang diambil meliputi jenis dan jumlah vegetasi, LBDS, penutupan tajuk, sumber pakan, JDSA, dan kondisi abiotik berupa suhu, kelembaban, dan ketinggian tempat. Data kehadiran Jalak Putih disajikan pada peta kehadiran dan karakteristik habitat dilakukan analisis uji beda menggunakan Mann-Whitney U antara plot used dan unused. Berdasarkan obervasi di lapangan, kehadiran Jalak Putih teramati di 4 plot dari total 34 plot pengamatan. Karakteristik habitat adalah terdapat 10 jenis vegetasi*, kerapatan semai/tumbuhan bawah* 31.911,76 ind/ha, kerapatan pancang 352,94 ind/ha, kerapatan pohon* 288,23 ind/ha, LBDS 17,91* m2/ha, persen penutupan tajuk* 25,02%, 10 jenis pakan*, JDSA antara 0-30 meter, suhu antara 26,5-30o C, kelembaban antara 79-93%, dan ketinggian tempat* 9-16 mdpl. Hasil Mann-Whitney U didapati perbedaan yang signifikan (ditandai dengan *) antara nilai rata-rata variabel yang diambil antara plot used dan unused.

Black-winged Myna (Acridotheres melanopterus) is an endemic bird species of Java and Bali Island. The status of this bird according to IUCN is listed as Critically Endangered (CE). This bird has decreased population due to loss of habitat, human exploitation, and increased trade of Black-winged Myna. Habitat of this bird are savanna, forest, and shrubland. Muara Angke Wildlife Reserve (SMMA) has mangrove as a main ecosystem. There's unique phenomenon occured when Black-winged Myna was found at SMMA in intense development of Jakarta. This study aimed to determine the habitat characteristics of Black-winged Myna in Muara Angke Wildlife Reserve area. This study was conducted at SMMA with area of 25,02 ha. SMMA area was divided into grids with a size of 100x100 m. Observation for Black-winged Myna's presence use point count on each grid. For habitat characteristic, data taken are type and amount of vegetation, LBDS, percent of canopy cover, feed resource, JDSA, and abiotic conditions such as temperature, humadity, and altitude. Data for Black-winged Myna's presence is presented in a map of presence and habitat characteristic data were analyzed by different test using Mann-Whitney U between used and unused plots. Based on observation on the field, Black-winged Myna's presence was observed in 4 plots out of a total of 34 observation plots. Habitat characteristic are 10 types of vegetation *, seedling/understorey density* 31.011,76 ind/ha, sapling density 352,94 ind/ha, tree density* 288,23 ind/ha, LBDS* 17,91 m2/ha, canopy cover* 25,02%, 10 types of feed*, JDSA between 0 - 30 meters, temperature between 26,5-30o C, humidity between 79-93%, and altitude* between 9-16 mdpl. Mann-Whitney U resulted in significant difference (marked with *) between mean variable taken from used and unused plots.

Kata Kunci : Jalak Putih, Suaka Margasatwa Muara Angke, Karakteristik Habitat; Black-winged Myna, Muara Angke Wildlife Reserve, Habitat Characteristic