RENDEMEN DAN KUALITAS GONDORUKEM DARI KELAS UMUR POHON DAN LAMA PENYIMPANAN GETAH Pinus merkusii YANG BERBEDA

SATYA PRIMA NUGROHO, Dr.Sigit Sunarta, S.Hut., M.Sc.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Gondorukem merupakan produk yang diperoleh dari pengolahan getah pinus dengan cara destilasi dengan produk tambahan berupa destilat yang disebut minyak terpentin. Rendemen dan kualitas gondorukem dipengaruhi oleh berbagai macam faktor diantaranya adalah faktor internal pohon, lingkungan maupun faktor perlakuan manusia terhadap pohon maupun getahnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan kelas umur pohon serta lama penyimpanan getah terhadap rendemen dan kualitas gondorukem yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan model rancangan acak lengkap dengan dua faktor, yaitu kelas umur pohon dan lama penyimpanan getah. Faktor kelas umur terdiri dari dua aras (kelas umur IV dan VI) dan faktor lama penyimpanan terdiri dari tiga aras (7, 14, 21 hari) dimana setiap aras terdiri atas tiga ulangan. Getah pinus hasil sadapan disimpan dalam keadaan tertutup selama 7, 14, 21 hari. Metode pemasakan yang digunakan adalah sistem pemasakan langsung (kohobasi) dengan kompor listrik. Gondorukem dihitung rendemennya dan diuji kualitasnya berdasarkan SNI 01-5009.12-2001 meliputi warna, titik lunak, kadar kotoran, komponen menguap, kadar abu, bilangan asam, bilangan penyabunan dan bilangan iod. Hasil penelitian diperoleh rendemen gondorukem antara 65,976-70,573% dengan rendemen terbesar diperoleh dari kelas umur IV dengan lama penyimpanan 21 hari. Kualitas gondorukem yang dihasilkan memiliki nilai warna 6,7-7,4; titik lunak 61,7 derajat C-73,5 derajat C; kadar kotoran 0,027% - 0,093%; komponen menguap 2,4% - 5,48%; kadar abu 0,03% - 0,12%; bilangan asam 199,856-211,544; bilangan penyabunan 206,894-217,855; bilangan iod 8,567-15,5.

Gum rosin is a distilled product obtained from pine resin processing besides turpentine oil. The yield and quality of gum rosin is influenced by various factors including the internal factors of the tree, the environment and human treatment of the tree and its resin. The aims of this research were to determine the effect of differences tree age classes and resin storage times to yield and quality of gum rosin product. This research was conducted with a completely randomized design model with two factors, namely the age of tree and storage time of the resin. The age class factor consists of two levels (age class IV and VI) and the storage time factor consists of three levels (7, 14, 21 days) where each level consists of three replications. Pine resin tapped was kept in a closed state for 7, 14, 21 days. The direct distillation system (cohobation) was performed on an electric stove. The yield of gum rosin was calculated and tested based on SNI 01-5009.12-2001 including color value, softening point, impurities, volatile compound, ash content, acid numbers, saponification numbers and iodine numbers. The yield varied 65.98 - 70.57%, which the largest yield obtained from the age class IV with a storage time of 21 days. The quality of the gum rosin product had variation as follows: color value 6.7 - 7.4; softening point 61.7 degree C - 73.5 degree C; impurities 0.027% - 0.093%; volatile compound 2.4% - 5.48%; ash content 0.03% - 0.12%; acid numbers 199.86-211.54; saponification numbers 206.89-217.86; iod number 8.57-15.5.

Kata Kunci : lama penyimpanan, kelas umur, getah, gondorukem, kualitas;storage duration, age class, resin, gum rosin, quality