Optimasi Parameter Proses Sintesis Graphene Berbahan Baku Serbuk Graphite untuk Memperoleh Massa Graphene Optimal Menggunakan Metode Response Surface

Alifta Dea Nur Andhika, Ir. Alva Edy Tontowi, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNIK INDUSTRI

Graphene merupakan material dua dimensi monoatomik dari satu lapis graphite yang tersusun dalam bentuk kisi heksagonal menyerupai sarang lebah. Graphene menjadi sangat menarik untuk dikaji karena memiliki beberapa keunggulan dan sifat unik. Dengan keunggulan sifat yang dimilikinya, graphene berpotensi besar untuk dikembangkan dalam banyak hal, seperti komponen perangkat elektronik, komposit dan pelapis, material biomedis, dan alat pendeteksi. Graphene dapat diperoleh dengan mensintesis material graphite. Namun terdapat masalah dalam usaha memperoleh graphene. Masalah tersebut adalah tentang bagaimana dapat menghasilkan lembaran graphene pada skala yang cukup. Karena meskipun harga graphite murah dan tersedia dalam jumlah banyak, graphite tidak mudah terkelupas untuk menghasilkan lembaran graphene. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini dilakukan optimasi parameter proses sintesis graphene berbahan baku serbuk graphite untuk memperoleh massa graphene optimal. Selain itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakterisasi graphene yang dihasilkan menggunakan uji spektrofotometri FTIR. Pada penelitian ini, graphene diperoleh dengan mensintesis serbuk graphite. Metode sintesis graphene yang digunakan adalah metode liquid exfoliation (LE) dengan bantuan surfaktan berjenis sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Parameter proses yang digunakan adalah waktu proses blender selama 30 menit, 60 menit, dan 90 menit dan waktu sonifikasi selama 60 menit, 90 menit, dan 120 menit. Sementara itu, respons yang diteliti adalah massa graphene hasil sintesis. Hasil eksperimen kemudian dioptimasi menggunakan metode response surface dengan bantuan software Minitab 17 dan Microsoft Excel. Selain itu, juga dilakukan uji karakterisasi graphene menggunakan uji spektrofotometri FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi nilai parameter proses sintesis graphene yang optimal adalah waktu proses blender selama 90 menit dan waktu sonifikasi selama 120 menit. Parameter ini menghasilkan massa graphene sebanyak 0,1216 gram. Hasil prediksi model terhadap nilai massa graphene hasil eksperimen memiliki selisih sebesar 17,35%. Nilai selisih tersebut muncul dapat disebabkan karena faktor seperti adanya nilai error pada model yang tidak bisa dikontrol dan perbedaan ketelitian saat melakukan eksperimen sehingga nilai yang dihasilkan berbeda. Berdasarkan hasil uji spektrofotometri FTIR, gugus-gugus fungsional pada graphene yang dapat diidentifikasi adalah ikatan O-H, ikatan C-H alifatik, dan ikatan C=C aromatik.

Graphene is a monoatomic two-dimensional material of one graphite layer arranged in the honeycomb-like hexagonal lattice form. Graphene becomes very interesting to study because it has several advantages and unique properties. With the advantages of its properties, graphene has great potential to be developed into many things, such as electronic device components, composites and coatings, biomedical materials, and detection devices. Graphene can be obtained by synthesizing graphite material. However, there is a problem in the process to obtain graphene. The problem is about how to produce graphene sheets at a sufficient scale. Because even though graphite price is cheap and available in large quantities, graphite is not easy to peel off to produce graphene sheets. Therefore, in this research, the optimization of graphene synthesis process parameters using graphite powder as raw material was carried out to obtain optimal graphene mass. Besides, the purpose of this research was to determine the characterization of graphene produced using FTIR spectroscopy test. In this research, graphene was obtained by synthesizing graphite powder. The graphene synthesis method used was liquid exfoliation (LE) method with the support of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant. Parameters of the process were blender processing time for 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes and sonification time for 60 minutes, 90 minutes and 120 minutes. Meanwhile, the response studied in this research was the mass of graphene as a result of synthesis. The experimental results then optimized using response surface method with assistance of Minitab 17 and Microsoft Excel software. Besides, the graphene characterization test was also carried out using FTIR spectroscopy test. The research results showed an optimal combination of parameter values of the graphene synthesis process with the blender processing time for 90 minutes and sonification time for 120 minutes. This parameter produced a graphene mass of 0,1216 grams. The result between model prediction and the graphene mass from experimental result had a difference of 17.35%. The difference arose because of factors such as the existence of error values in the model that cannot be controlled and differences in accuracy when conducting experiment so that the resulting values were different. Based on the FTIR spectroscopy test results, functional groups in graphene that can be identified were O-H bonds, C-H aliphatic bonds, and C=C aromatic bonds.

Kata Kunci : Graphite, Sintesis Graphene, Liquid Exfoliation (LE), Waktu Blender, Waktu Sonifikasi, Spektrofotometri FTIR, Metode Response Surface.