Mitigasi Risiko dan Analisis Struktur Biaya Logistik pada Rantai Pasok Ikan Tangkap di Gunungkidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

RIVAN DWIAS K, Dr. Kuncoro Harto Widodo, S.T.P., M.Eng.; Dr. Jumeri, S.T.P., M.Si.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI PERTANIAN

Produksi perikanan tangkap Kabupaten Gunungkidul yaitu 79,22% dari produksi perikanan tangkap Provinsi D.I. Yogyakarta. Dalam pendistribusian hasil perikanan tangkap, diperlukan sistem operasional yang terintegrasi meliputi nelayan, TPI, pengepul, pedagang, dan konsumen. Risiko pada rantai pasok ikan tangkap memiliki risiko internal dan risiko eksternal yang dapat memengaruhi biaya logistik setiap tier. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi model rantai pasok ikan tangkap dan risiko yang ada pada rantai pasok ikan tangkap di Gunungkidul, menentukan risk mitigation dan risk treatment pada risiko rantai pasok ikan tangkap di setiap tier nelayan, pengepul, dan pedagang, menganalisis biaya logistik ikan tangkap berdasarkan aktivitas logistik, serta memberikan rekomendasi kepada setiap tier rantai pasok ikan tangkap berdasarkan identifikasi risiko dan struktur biaya logistik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik snowball dan convenience sampling melalui indepth interview menggunakan interview guidance berdasarkan hasil wawancara pendahuluan. Identifikasi, analisis, evaluasi, dan penanganan risiko menggunakan Rapid Agricultural Supply Chain Risk Assessment. Perhitungan biaya logistik menggunakan metode Activity-Based Costing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya risiko disetiap tier. Tier nelayan kapal motor memiliki risiko kerusakan mesin kapal, kondisi tempat penyimpanan ikan, cuaca maritim, dan kehabisan perbekalan. Tier pengepul memiliki risiko harga ikan turun. Tier pasar ikan memiliki risiko aktivitas mikrobia. Analisis struktur biaya logistik menunjukkan persentase proporsi biaya aktivitas tertinggi pada rantai pasok ikan tangkap pola ke-1,2, dan 3 yaitu aktivitas procurement dengan persentase 57,51%, 56,86%, dan 56,12%. Penelitian menyimpulkan adanya keterkaitan struktur biaya logistik dengan mitigasi risiko yang optimal pada rantai pasok ikan tangkap.

Capture fisheries production in Gunungkidul regency is 79,22% of the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province's total production. To distribute capture fisheries products, an integrated operational system is needed including fishermen, fish auction, collectors, traders, and consumers or processors. Risks in the supply chain capture sea-fish have internal risks and external risks that can affect the logistics cost of each tier. The purpose of this study was to identify capture sea-fish supply chain models and the risks that exist in capture sea-fish supply chains in Gunungkidul, determine risk mitigation and risk treatment at capture sea fish supply chain risk in each tier of fishermen, collectors, and traders, analyze capture sea-fish logistics costs based on logistics activities, and provide recommendations to each tier of the capture sea-fish supply chain based on identification of risks and the logistics costs structure. The research was collected by snowball sampling and convenience sampling through in-depth interviews using interview guidance based on the results of the preliminary interview. Identification, analysis, evaluation, and risk management were analyzed by using Rapid Agricultural Supply Chain Risk Assessment (RapAgRisk). The logistic cost was calculated by using the Activity-Based Costing (ABC) method. The results indicated the existence of risks in each tier. Tier fishermen's motorboats have risks of damage the ship's engine, storage conditions for capture sea-fish products, maritime weather, and run out of supplies. Tier fishermen who used boat motors have risks from ship engine damage and maritime weather. Tier collectors have a risk of decreased fish's price. Fish market tier has the risk of fish handling techniques. Logistics cost structure analysis showed the highest proportion of activity costs in the capture sea-fish supply chain patterns 1,2 and 3 which were procurement activities with the percentage of 57.51%, 56.86%, and 56.12%. The research concluded that there was a linkage between the logistic cost structure and the risk mitigation actions in the capture sea-fish supply chain.

Kata Kunci : manajemen risiko rantai pasok, ikan tangkap laut, struktur biaya logistik