Pengaruh Perbedaan Suhu Inkubasi Enzim Alkalin Protease Pseudomonas sp. PK4 pada Proses Buang Rambut Kulit Domba

Dwi Setyani, Ir. Nanung Agus Fitriyanto, S.Pt., M.Sc.,Ph.D.,IPM.;Ir. Yuny Erwanto, S.Pt., M.P., Ph.D.,IPM.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan suhu inkubasi enzim alkalin protease Pseudomonas sp. PK4 pada proses buang rambut kulit domba. Materi yang digunakan yaitu 12 lembar kulit domba. Pengaruh perbedaan suhu inkubasi di analisis pada 3 variasi suhu yaitu 28 derajat Celcius, 35 derajat celcius, dan 42 derajat celcius. Sampel kontrol adalah kulit dengan proses buang rambut secara konvensional menggunakan bahan kimia Na2S dan Ca(OH)2. Uji histologi dilakukan dengan menggunakan kulit setelah proses buang rambut dengan ukuran 1x1 cm. Kulit kemudian diproses lebih lanjut menjadi kulit samak krom. Tahap selanjutnya dilakukan uji kualitas kulit samak. Data yang diperoleh berupa histologi kulit yang dianalisis secara deskriptif dan kualitas kulit samak yang berupa kekuatan tarik, kemuluran, dan suhu kerut dianalisis statistik RAL pola searah dengan 3 ulangan yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa enzim yang dihasilkan isolat PK4 menunjukkan aktivitas protease melalui pengujian zona bening. Aktivitas enzim protease tertinggi pada suhu inkubasi perlakuan 42 derajat celcius (P kurang dari 0,05) sebesar 75,78 mikro gram/ml/menit. Penggunaan protease PK4 dengan suhu inkubasi yang berbeda pada proses buang rambut dapat memberikan efek positif terhadap histologi kulit. Suhu inkubasi 42 derajat celcius dapat menghasilkan kulit yang bersih tanpa adanya rambut baik secara fisik maupun histologi. Suhu inkubasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap kekuatan tarik dan kemuluran (P kurang dari 0,05) yaitu tertinggi pada suhu 28 derajat celcius dengan nilai kekuatan tarik sebesar 26,42 N/cm2 dan kemuluran sebesar 31,29%, namun tidak berpengaruh pada suhu kerut kulit samak. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah peningkatan suhu inkubasi enzim PK4 hingga 42 derajat celcius dapat mempermudah proses buang rambut kulit domba.

This research aims to determine the effect of different incubation temperature of alkaline protease enzyme Pseudomonas sp. PK4 in the dehairing process of sheep skin. Materials used in this experiment were 12 pieces of sheepskin. Meanwhile, the effect of incubation temperature was analyzed using 3 different incubation temperature, i.e. 28 degrees celcius, 35 degrees celcius, 42 degrees celcius. Control sample was also prepared by conventional hair removal process using Na2S and Ca(OH)2 . Histological tests of the skin were performed on the hair removed sheep skin with the size of 1x1 cm. The skin was then further processed to obtain chrome tanned leather and tested to see the quality of the leather. Obtained data from skin histology were analyzed descriptively and the quality of the leather i.e. tensile strength, elongation, and wrinkles temperature was analyzed using one way statistical analysis of RAL in triplicates. Significant different of the data was continued to be analyzed using Tukey test. The results showed that the produced enzyme had protease activity in the presence of a clear zone. The highest protease enzyme activity which occured at incubation temperature of 42 degrees celcius (P<0.05) was 75.78 microgram/ml/min. The use of PK4 protease with different temperatures had a positive effect on skin histology. Incubation temperature of 42 degrees celcius produced clean skin without any hair either physically or histologically. Incubation temperature also significantly affected the tensile strength and elongation (P<0.05) of the leather and the highest result was obtained using 28 degrees celcius incubation temperature. Tensile strength and elongation of that samples was 26.42 N/cm2 and 31.29%, respectively. Meanwhile, the incubation temperature has no effect on the wrinkles temperature of the leather. It was concluded that the increasing of protease enzyme incubation temperature until 42 degrees celcius can facilitate dehairing processon sheep skin

Kata Kunci : enzim protease, penyamakan, suhu inkubasi