Mitigasi Risiko pada Rantai Pasok Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonium L.) Menggunakan Metode Rapid Agricultural Supply Chain Risk Assesment di Kabupaten Bantul Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Yoga Murtono, Endy Suwondo; Mirwan Ushada

2019 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI PERTANIAN

Setiap tingkatan tier pada rantai pasok bawang merah memiliki risiko yang perlu diidentifikasi dan dianalisa guna mendapatkan kategori dari setiap risiko. Kategori dari setiap risiko digunakan sebagai dasar menentukan langkah manajemen risiko rantai pasok yang tepat berdasarkan kategori risiko yang didapatkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kecamatan sentra penghasil bawang merah di Kabupaten Bantul yaitu Kecamatan Kretek, Kecamatan Sanden, dan Kecamatan Imogiri. Metode analisis risiko yang digunakan yaitu RapAgRisk. Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dan snowball sampling. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mendapatkan jalur rantai pasok, tingkat kerentanan, dan upaya penanganan dari masing masing risiko. Hasil penelitan menunjukkan terdapat 25 risiko pada tier petani, tier penebas 7 risiko, tier pengepul 8 risiko, tier pedagang besar 4 risiko, tier pengecer 4 risiko dan pada tier pedagang kecil 3 risiko. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian, petani merupakan tier yang paling rentan dengan 5 kategori risiko kerentanan tinggi dan 4 kategori risiko kerentanan sedang. Risiko utama yang dihadapi oleh tier petani berkaitan dengan kategori risiko biologis dan lingkungan, operasional, penjualan/pasar dan kebijakan pemerintah sedangkan pada tier lainnya risiko utama yang dihadapi berkaitan dengan kategori risiko penjualan/pasar. Upaya mitigasi risiko yang dilakukan pada tier petani diantaranya pembuatan gudang, penerapan teknik budidaya TSS, penetapan kalender tanam, pola tanam serentak, gerakan pengendalian hama serentak, pembuatan embung atau sumur bor, penguatan sistem lelang komoditas serta pengembangan produk olahan bawang merah. Pada tier penebas melakukan prakiraan jumlah hasil panen lahan dengan cara mengambil langsung sampel rumpun bawang merah dan melakukan penawaran harga saat harga stabil. Pada tier pengepul dan pedagang besar melakukan upaya mencari mitra dagang rumah makan, supermarket maupun hotel serta melakukan upaya sortasi grading. Pada tier pengecer melakukan upaya sortasi grading dan mencari mitra pedagang kecil. Pada tier pedagang kecil melakukan upaya membeli bawang merah sesuai dengan kapasitas dagang serta metode penjualan bawang merah dengan cara dipaparkan pada wadah terbuka.

Each tier in shallot supply chain has its own risks that should be identified and analyzed in order to get the category of each risk, as of the result we can determined the appropriate supply chain risk management based on the risk categories obtained. This research was conducted districts of shallot centers production in Bantul Regency, namely Kretek District, Sanden District, and Imogiri District. The risk analysis method used is Rapid Agricultural Supply Chain Risk Assessment. The sampling method used was purposive sampling and snowball sampling methods. This research was conducted to obtain supply chain pathways, vulnerability level, and mitigation strategy of each risk. Risks with a very high vulnerabilities, high vulnerabilities and medium vulnerabilities level are the main priorities in supply chain risk management. The results of the research showed that there are 25 risks in farmers, tier middleman 7 risks, tier collector 8 risks, tier wholesaler 4 risks, retailers 4 risks and small traders there are 3 risks. Based on the results of the assessment, farmers are the most vulnerable tier with 5 categories of high vulnerability risk and 4 categories of moderate vulnerability risk. The main risks faced by farmer tiers are related to the category of biological and environmental, operational, sales / market, and government policies while in other tiers the main risks faced are related to the sales / market risk categories. The risk mitigation efforts carried out at the farmer's tier include manufacturing warehouses, the application of TSS cultivation techniques, setting a planting calendar, simultaneous planting patterns, simultaneous pest control movements, making reservoirs or bore wells, strengthening commodity auction systems and developing onion product processing. In middleman tier they can estimates the amount of land harvest by taking samples directly from the shallot clump and making a price quote when the price is stable. In tier collectors and large traders they can make efforts to find trading partners like with restaurants, supermarkets and hotels as well as grading sorting efforts. In tier retailers they can make grading sorting efforts and look for small trader partners. At tier small traders they can make an effort to buy shallots in accordance with the trading capacity and methods of selling shallots by exposing them to open containers.

Kata Kunci : bawang merah, manajemen risiko, rantai pasok, RapAgRisk