Synthesis and Characterization of Ni/Mesoporous Silica Catalysts from Lapindo Mud for Hydrocracking of Waste Cooking Oil into Biofuel

CAHYARANI PARAMESTI, Prof. Dra. Wega Trisunaryanti, M.Si., Ph.D.Eng.; Dr. Sri Sudiono, M.Si.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 KIMIA

Telah dilakukan sintesis dan karakterisasi katalis silika mesopori (SM) dan Ni/silika mesopori (Ni/SM) dari silika lumpur untuk hidrorengkah minyak goreng bekas menjadi biofuel. Ekstraksi silika dari lumpur Lapindo dan CTAB menggunakan metode gabungan asam-basa. SM disintesis dengan metode hidrotermal dengan menggunakan CTAB sebagai cetakan. Material SM dikalsinasi pada suhu 540°C selama 5 jam untuk menghilangkan cetakan. Material SM dikarakterisasi dengan X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), dan Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). Logam nikel sebesar 4, 6, dan 8% (b/b) diembankan pada SM dengan metode impregnasi basah menggunakan garam prekursor Ni(NO3)2.6H2O, menghasilkan katalis Ni(4)/SM, Ni(6)/SM, dan Ni(8)/SM. Katalis dikarakterisasi menggunakan X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), dan Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Uji aktivitas katalis dilakukan pada hidrorengkah minyak goreng bekas menggunakan katalis SM, Ni(4)/SM, Ni(6)/SM dan Ni(8)/SM. Produk cair hasil hidrorengkah minyak goreng bekas dianalisis dengan metode gravimetri dan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SM memiliki struktur karakteristik material berpori (porous material) dengan diameter pori, luas permukaan dan volume pori berturut-turut 3.59368 nm, 874.284 m2/g dan 0.81409 cm3/g. Hidrorengkah minyak goreng bekas dengan katalis SM, Ni(4)/SM, Ni(6)/SM, dan Ni(8)/SM menghasilkan produk cair berturut-turut 63.95, 80.57, 74.63 dan 75.77% (b/b). Selektivitas fraksi bensin tertinggi (54.22% b/b) dihasilkan oleh katalis Ni(4)/SM dan fraksi solar tertinggi (8.37% b/b) dihasilkan oleh katalis Ni(8)/SM.

The synthesis and characterization of mesoporous silica (SM) and Ni/mesoporous silica (Ni/SM) catalysts from Lapindo mud for the hydrocracking of waste cooking oil into biofuel has been conducted. Extraction of silica from Lapindo mud and CTAB used a combined method of acids and bases. The SM was synthesized by hydrothermal method using CTAB as a template. The SM material was calcinated in the temperature of 540°C for 5 h to remove the template. The SM material was then characterized by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The nickel metal of 4, 6, and 8 wt.% was loaded into the SM by wet impregnation method using salt precursors of Ni(NO3)2.6H2O, produced the Ni(4)/SM, Ni(6)/SM, and Ni(8)/SM catalysts, respectively. The catalysts were analyzed by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The catalytic activity test was carried out for hydrocracking of waste cooking oil by using the SM, Ni(4)/SM, Ni(6)/SM and Ni(8)/SM catalysts. The results of liquid product of the hydrocracking was analyzed by gravimetric method and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The experimental result showed that the mesoporous silica (SM) has structure characteristic as a porous material with pore diameter, specific surface area, and pore volume of 3.59368 nm, 874.284 m2/g and 0.81409 cm3/g, respectively. The liquid products of the hydrocracking using SM, Ni(4)/SM, Ni(6)/SM, and Ni(8)/SM catalysts were 63.95, 80.57, 74.63 and 75.77 wt.%. The highest selectivity of the gasoline fraction (54.22 wt.%) was produced by Ni(4)/SM catalyst and the highest diesel oil fraction (8.37 wt.%) was produced by Ni(8)/SM catalyst.

Kata Kunci : Lapindo Mud, Silica, Mesoporous, Catalyst, Biofuel.