Inventarisasi Jenis Mangrove dan Kualitas Air di Kawasan Konservasi Taman Pesisir Baros Kabupaten Bantul

NURUL KHASANAH, Drs. Namastra Probosunu, M.Si.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 MANAJEMEN SUMBERDAYA AKUATIK

Hutan mangrove merupakan sumber daya alam tropis yang mempunyai manfaat ganda, baik dari aspek sosial, ekonomi, maupun ekologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman vegetasi mangrove, kerapatan, frekuensi, dominansi, nilai penting dan kualitas air mangrove di Kawasan Konservasi Taman Pesisir Baros. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2018�Februari 2019 di Kawasan Konservasi Taman Pesisir Pantai Baros, Tirtohargo, Kretek, Bantul. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei yang lokasi penelitiannya ditentukan secara purposive sampling. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan sebanyak 5 kali dalam waktu 2 minggu sekali dan terdapat 6 stasiun pengamatan. Parameter yang diukur adalah suhu, salinitas, pH, dan jenis substrat. Komunitas mangrove yang diamati dan dihitung adalah Kerapatan (K), Kerapatan Relatif (KR), Dominansi (D), Dominansi Relatif (DR), Frekuensi (F), Frekuensi Relatif (FR) dan Indeks Nilai Penting (INP), Indeks Keanekaragaman (H). Mangrove yang berada di Kawasan Konservasi Taman Pesisir Baros terdiri dari 6 jenis yaitu Avicennia lanata, Avicennia officinalis, Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, dan Sonneratia caseolaris. Avicennia officinalis memiliki nilai kerapatan paling besar yaitu sebesar 7.100 pohon/ha termasuk kategori sangat padat dan mendominasi kawasan mangrove dengan nilai 30,31 m2/ha. Nilai frekuensi tertinggi yaitu Avicennia officinalis dan Rhizophora mucronata termasuk kategori rendah. Avicennia officinalis memiliki INP tertinggi yaitu 131,32% yang artinya spesies ini memiliki peran penting untuk kestabilan ekosistem. Nilai kualitas air rata-rata masih dalam baku mutu yang sesuai dengan suhu air 30,5-31,9 derajat celcius, salinitas 9-17 ppm, dan pH 6-6,5. Jenis substrat yang mendominasi di kawasan ini yaitu lempung berpasir dan lempung berdebu.

Mangrove forests are tropical natural resources that have multiple benefits, both from social, economic, and ecological aspects. This study aimed to know the diversity of mangrove vegetation, density, frequency, dominance, importance, and water quality in the Baros Coastal Park-Conservation Area. The research was conducted in December 2018-February 2019, located in the Baros Coastal Park Conservation Area, Tirtohargo, Kretek, Bantul. The study was conducted by a survey of station sampling that was determined by purposively. Sample of Water was collected 5 times within two weeks in six observation stations. The parameters were measured, namely, temperature, salinity, pH, and type of substrate. Mangrove communities observed and calculated were density, relative density, dominance, relative dominance, frequency, relative frequency, important value index, and diversity index. Mangroves in the Baros Coastal Park-Conservation Area consist of 6 types, namely Avicennia lanata, Avicennia officinalis, Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, and Sonneratia caseolaris. Avicennia officinalis has the highest density value of 7,100 trees/ha, including the very dense category and dominating the mangrove area with an amount of 30.31 m2/ha. The highest frequency values are Avicennia officinalis and Rhizophora mucronata, which were categorized as low. Aviennia officinalis has the highest INP of 131.32%, which means this species has a vital role in the stability of the ecosystem. The average water quality value is still in the appropriate quality standard with the water temperature of 30.5-31.9 celcius degree, salinity 9-17 ppm, and pH 6-6.5. The types of substrate that dominate in this region are sandy clay and dusty clay.

Kata Kunci : mangrove, kualitas air, keanekaragaman, nilai penting / diversity, important value, mangrove, water quality