PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN TANAMAN SUMBER TANIN MAHONI (Swietenia mahagoni) TERHADAP PRODUKSI METAN DAN KERAGAMAN BAKTERI METANOGENIK PADA FERMENTASI RUMEN SECARA IN VITRO

Chusnul Hasanah, Dr. Ir. Asih Kurniawati, S.Pt., M.Si., IPM; Prof. Dr. Ir. Lies Mira Yusiati, SU., IPU;Nilo Suseno, S.Si., M.Si.; Prof. Ir. Zaenal Bachruddin, M.Sc., Ph.D., IPU

2019 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan tanaman sumber tanin yaitu mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni) terhadap produksi metan, kinetika produksi gas dan keragaman bakteri metanogenik pada fermentasi rumen secara in vitro. Swietenia mahagoni sebagai pengganti Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum) sebesar 0%, 25%, dan 50% dengan ulangan 3 kali masing-masing level. Fermentasi dengan teknik in vitro produksi gas menurut Menke and Steingass untuk analisis kinetika produksi gas dan metan. Analisis kinetika produksi gas dengan mengambil data volume gas yang diproduksi pada jam 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, dan 48, sampel gas untuk metan diambil pada jam ke 48. Metan dianalisis dengan metode gas chromatography (GC). Metode in vitro menurut Theodorou digunakan untuk menentukan keragaman bakteri metanogenik. Keragaman bakteri metanogenik dianalisis dengan metode terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP). Hasil pemotongan dianalisis dengan AB13100 genetic analysis system (applied biosystem). Pola TRF dibandingkan dengan hasil pemotongan in silico dengan software MICA 3. Analisis statistik produksi metan dan kinetika produksi gas dianalisis dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Pola Searah. Hasil yang berbeda nyata, diuji lanjut dengan DMRT, sedangkan keragaman bakteri metanogenik dianalisis secara deskripsi. Penggunaan daun mahoni dengan level 50% menurunkan produksi metan sebesar 39,26% (P=0,08). Pemberian daun mahoni level 50% menurunkan nilai (b) sebesar 47,23% dari kontrol. Level 50% didominasi oleh Uncultured methanoculles sp. 36,35% dengan MspI, sedangkan Uncultured euryarchaeote clone MCR-F1SP-1 80,24% dengan TaqI. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan tanin dapat menurunkan produksi metan, produksi gas dari fraksi potensial terdegradasi dan mengubah keragaman bakteri metanogenik.

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of plant sources of tannins namely mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni) on methane production, gas production kinetics and diversity of methanogenic bacteria in rumen fermentation in vitro. Swietenia mahagoni was given to substituted the elephant grass at levels of 0, 25, and 50%, with 3 replications for each level. Fermentation was carried out by in vitro gas production technique according to Menke and Steingass for analysis of kinetics of gas production. Kinetics of gas production was measured at hours 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48. The end of the gas sample fermentation was taken to analyze methane production. Analysis of methane production with gas chromatography (GC) methode. The other methode of in vitro according to Theodorou gas was used on determination of the diversity of methanogenic bacteria using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP). The result of fragments analysis with AB13100 genetic analysis system (applied biosystem). The TRF pattern was compared with the results of in silico hidrolyzed with MICA 3 software. Methane production and gas production kinetics were analyzed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) one way design. The results were significantly different, tested by DMRT, while the diversity of methanogenic bacteria was analyzed by description. The result used of Swietenia mahagoni leaves with level 50% reduced methane production by 39,26% (P=0,08). The used of Swietenia mahagoni leaves 50% to value (b) was decreased 47,23% from control. Level 50% was dominated by Uncultured methanoculles sp. 36.35% with MspI, while Uncultured euryarchaeote clone is 80.24% MCR-F1SP-1 with TaqI. In conclution, used of Swietenia mahagoni can decrease methane production, gas production from potential degraded fractions and diversity of methanogenic bacteria.

Kata Kunci : Tanin, Swietenia mahagoni, Metan, Keragaman Bakteri