ANALISIS SPASIAL VEKTOR DAN KASUS DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI DAERAH ENDEMIS KECAMATAN CEPER, KABUPATEN KLATEN

NOVITA EKA PUTRI, Dr.drh. Sitti Rahmah Umniyati, S.U.; dr.Elsa Herdiana Murhandarwati, Ph.D.

2019 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU BIOMEDIK

Latar Belakang. Kecamatan Ceper menjadi salah satu kecamatan endemis DBD yang dalam 3 tahun terakhir mempunyai kasus DBD tertinggi dengan kasus sebanyak 93 kasus dan 3 kematian. Ada tiga desa di Kecamatan Ceper yang dikategorikan endemis sejak 2015-2017, yaitu Desa Ngawonggo, Desa Kajen dan Desa Meger. Penanggulangan vektor dengan melakukan foging dan Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk (PSN) sudah dilakukan oleh Dinas Kesehatan, namun populasi vektor masih tinggi dan beresiko menyebabkan kasus DBD. Tujuan Penelitian. Untuk menganalisis distribusi spasial vektor dan kasus demam berdarah di Kecamatan Ceper Kabupaten Klaten. Metode Penelitian. Penelitian bersifat Analisis Observasi dengan pendekatan Cross sectional mengunakan Sistem Informasi Geografi (SIG. Kasus DBD yang diteliti adalah kasus dari tahun 2015-2018 di Kecamatan Ceper. Survey entomologi dilakukan di kelurahan endemis yaitu kelurahan Meger, Kajen dan Ngawonggo. Deteksi virus dengue dilakukan pada nyamuk dengan metode immunositokimia head squash. Hasil Penelitian. Persebaran kasus DBD di Kecamatan Ceper dari tahun 2015 berpola random, 2016 berpola mengelompok, tahun 2017 berpola tersebar, dan tahun 2018 tidak menunjukkan pola. Kelurahan Meger, Kajen dan Ngawonggo merupakan daerah berisiko terjadi penularan penyakit DBD berdasarkan nilai density figure. Proporsi nyamuk Ae. aegypti di kelurahan Ngawonggo dan Meger sebesar 100%, sedangkan di kelurahan Kajen proporsi Ae. aegypti sebesar 95,6% dan Ae.albopictus 4,4%. Hasil deteksi virus dengue pada nyamuk di kelurahan Meger sebesar 28%, kelurahan Kajen 36.9% dan kelurahan Ngawonggo 40%. Kesimpulan. Proporsi nyamuk Ae. aegypti lebih tinggi daripada Ae. albopictus di kelurahan endemis. Berdasarkan nilai kepadatan populasi vektor Kelurahan Meger, Kajen dan Ngawonggo masih berisiko terjadi penularan DBD. Jumlah vektor yang positif virus dengue di kelurahan endemis menunjukkan hasil yang relevan dengan jumlah kasus DBD yang terjadi.

Background. Ceper Subdistrict is one of the endemic DHF sub-districts which in the last 3 years has the highest DHF cases with 93 cases and 3 deaths. Vector control by conducting fogging and Eradication of Mosquito Nests has been carried out by the Health Office, but the vector population is still high and is at risk of causing DHF cases. Objective. To analyze the spatial distribution of vectors and cases of dengue fever in Ceper District, Klaten Regency. Methods. The study was an observational analysis with a cross sectional approach using the Geographic Information System (GIS). The DHF cases studied were from 2015-2018 in Ceper District. Entomological surveys were carried out in endemic villages namely Meger, Kajen and Ngawonggo. Dengue virus detection was carried out on mosquitoes after SBPC immunocytochemical staining with antibody in the Ae. aegypti head squashes preparation. Results. The distribution of dengue cases in Ceper Subdistrict from 2015 was randomly patterned, 2016 has a clustering pattern, 2017 has a scattered pattern, and 2018 did not show a pattern. Meger, Kajen and Ngawonggo villages was areas at risk of dengue transmission based on the value of density figures. Proportion of Ae. aegypti in Ngawonggo and Meger kelurahan are 100%, while in Kajen village the proportion Ae. aegypti 95.6% and Ae. albopictus 4.4%. The results of the detection of dengue virus in mosquitoes in Meger village 28%, Kajen village 36.9% and Ngawonggo village 40%. Conclusions. The proportion of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes are higher than Ae. albopictus in endemic villages. Based on the vector population density of Meger, Kajen and Ngawonggo Villages there are still a risk of dengue transmission. The number of vectors that are positive for dengue virus in endemic villages shows results that are relevant to the number of dengue cases that occur.

Kata Kunci : DBD, analisis spasial, Klaten, vektor, Aedes aegypti, DHF, spatial analysis, Klaten, vector, Aedes aegypti