HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN DAN PERSEPSI DENGAN KESEDIAAN VAKSINASI HPV PADA ORANGTUA SISWI SEKOLAH DASAR DI KABUPATEN KULON PROGO

LAMRIA BESTY S, dr. Mei Neni Sitaresmi, Ph.D, Sp.A(K).; Dr. dr. Ratni Indrawanti, Sp.A

2019 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KEDOKTERAN KLINIS

Latar Belakang: Morbiditas dan mortalitas kanker serviks masih tinggi secara global maupun nasional. Menurut World Health Organization (WHO), 2 dari 10.000 wanita di Indonesia menderita kanker serviks dan meningkat setiap tahun. Infeksi human papillomavirus (HPV) persisten sebagai penyebab kanker serviks dapat dicegah dengan vaksinasi HPV. WHO merekomendasikan vaksinasi HPV profilaksis bagi remaja 9-14 tahun. Orangtua adalah pihak yang berpengaruh terhadap cakupan vaksinasi di kalangan remaja. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dan persepsi orangtua tentang infeksi HPV, kanker serviks, vaksinasi HPV dengan kesediaan vaksinasi Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional dengan kuesioner tentang pengetahuan dan persepsi, diisi oleh 506 orangtua siswi SD kelas 5 dan 6 di Kabupaten Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. Uji Chi-square dipakai untuk menilai hubungan antara variabel bebas dengan variabel terikat dan dilanjutkan analisis multivariat. Hasil dan Pembahasan: Pengetahuan orangtua tentang infeksi HPV, kanker serviks dan vaksinasi HPV masih rendah. Persepsi orangtua terhadap kanker serviks dan vaksinasi HPV positif, tetapi negatif terhadap kerentanan terhadap infeksi HPV. Pengetahuan dan persepsi positif tentang vaksinasi HPV berhubungan dengan kesediaan orangtua terhadap vaksinasi HPV. Pertimbangan utama vaksinasi HPV antara lain apakah vaksin masuk dalam program pemerintah, manfaat vaksin, direkomendasikan oleh tenaga kesehatan dan gratis. Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan dan persepsi tentang vaksinasi HPV berhubungan dengan kesediaan orangtua. Kesediaan vaksinasi HPV pada orangtua dapat ditingkatkan melalui edukasi tentang vaksinasi HPV terutama manfaat dan keamanannya.

Background : Morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer is still high globally and nationally. According to World Health Organization (WHO), 2 out of 10,000 women in Indonesia suffer from cervical cancer and increase annually. Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection as a cause of cervical cancer can be prevented by HPV vaccination. WHO recommends prophylactic HPV vaccination for adolescents 9-14 years old. Parents can influence the coverage of vaccinations among these teenagers. Aim : to determine the relationship between parental knowledge and perceptions about HPV infection, cervical cancer, and HPV vaccination with their acceptability. Methods : A cross-sectional study of 506 parents of female elementary school students grades 5 and 6 in Kulon Progo district, using self-administered questionnaire about knowledge and perception. The Chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between independent and dependent variables and continued to multivariate analysis. Result: Parents knowledge about HPV infection, cervical cancer and HPV vaccination were low. Parents perception of cervical cancer and HPV vaccination were positive, but negative for susceptibility to HPV infection. Knowledge and positive perception about HPV vaccination were related to parental acceptability of HPV vaccination. Parents consideration in HPV vaccination were wheter the HPV vaccination is included in government programs, vaccines benefits, recommended by doctor and free of charge. Conclusion : Knowledge and perceptions about HPV vaccination are related to parental acceptability. Education about HPV vaccination especially the benefits should be delivered to increase the coverage of HPV vaccination.

Kata Kunci : HPV, kanker serviks, vaksinasi, kesediaan, orangtua, cervical cancer, vaccination, acceptability, parent