Implicatures Produced by Male and Female Characters in Michel Gondry's Film Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind

Fidel Demara, Dr. Tofan Dwi Hardjanto, M.A.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 SASTRA INGGRIS

Skripsi ini menyajikan sebuah penelitian pragmatik yang berfokus pada kajian implikatur dalam sebuah film karya Michel Gondry berjudul Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa jenis-jenis implikatur yang diucapkan oleh tokoh-tokoh di film tersebut, serta menjelaskan makna tersirat di balik ujaran implikatur yang telah terkumpul. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mencoba menelaah bagaimana gender mempengaruhi produksi implikatur di film tersebut. Ujaran-ujaran tokoh yang mengandung implikatur dikumpulkan sebagai data primer penelitian ini. Selanjutnya, ujaran implikatur yang telah terkumpul dianalisa dengan menerapkan teori implikatur oleh Grice (1991). Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan temuan 2 jenis implikatur, yakni conventional implicature dan conversational implicature. Lalu, ditemukan juga 2 subkategori dari conversational implicature, yakni generalized conversational implicature dan particularized conversational implicature. Serta 2 subkategori dari generalized conversational implicature, yaitu scalar implicature dan clausal implicature. Particularized conversational implicature merupakan jenis implikatur yang paling banyak diproduksi, dengan jumlah total 72 ujaran. Diikuti oleh generalized conversational implicature di posisi kedua dengan jumlah produksi sebanyak 31 ujaran yang terdiri dari 17 ujaran yang mengandung scalar implicature dan 14 ujaran yang mengandung clausal implicature. Sedangakan conventional implicature menunjukkan jumlah total produksi sebanyak 18 ujaran. Oleh karena itu, clausal implicature ditetapkan menjadi tipe implikatur dengan jumlah produksi paling sedikit di antara jenis-jenis implikatur lain. Selain itu, hasil penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa aspek gender sesungguhnya mempengaruhi produksi implikatur dalam dialog film, khususnya terhadap strategi atau teknik produksi serta jumlah total produksi dan jenis implikatur itu sendiri. Hal ini dibuktikan oleh fakta yang ditemukan pada film Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, bahwa beberapa jenis implikatur yang didapati dalam film tersebut sebagian besar diproduksi oleh tokoh laki-laki, kecuali scalar implicature. Oleh karena itu, karakter laki-laki juga mendominasi penggunaan jenis strategi produksi kecuali strategi produksi scalar implicature. Secara keseluruhan, terdapat 121 ujaran yang mengandung implikatur pada film Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind. 75 diantaranya diproduksi oleh tokoh laki-laki dan 46 lainnya diproduksi oleh tokoh perempuan.

This undergraduate thesis presents a pragmatics research, which specifically focused on the study of implicature in the dialogue of a film by Michel Gondry, entitled Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004). It aims to analyze the types of implicature produced by the film characters as well as to explicate the implied meaning behind the characters' utterance. Moreover, this research also attempts to examine how gender affects the production of implicature in the film. The characters' utterances containing implicature were collected as the primary data of this research. Subsequently, the collected utterances were investigated by applying Grice's (1991) theory of implicature. The result of the research reveals the finding of 2 main types of implicature, namely conventional and conversational implicature, 2 sub-types of conversational implicature, such as generalized and particularized conversational implicature, and also 2 sub-types of generalized conversational implicature, namely scalar and clausal implicature. Particularized conversational implicature emerges as the most produced type of implicature with a total number of 72 utterances. Followed by generalized conversational implicature as the second most produced type. It shows a total number of 31 utterances which consist of 17 utterances containing scalar implicature and 14 utterances containing clausal implicature. Meanwhile, there are a total of 18 utterances containing conventional implicature produced by the film characters. Consequently, clausal implicature appears as the least produced type among all the other types of implicature in the film. Furthermore, the result of the research also suggests that gender does actually affects the production of implicature in the film dialogue, specifically in the strategies or techniques used in the implicature production and also the total number and types of implicatures itself. It is proved by the fact that several types of implicature obtained in the film were mostly produced by the male characters, except for scalar implicature. Consequently, the male characters also dominate the use of all types of production strategies except the strategy of scalar implicature. In total, there are 121 utterances containing implicatures obtained in the film. 75 of those implicatures are produced by the male characters and 46 others are produced by the females.

Kata Kunci : Pragmatics, implicature, film, utterances, gender.