Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Layang (Decapterus macrosoma, Bleeker 1851) di Perairan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

PUJI RAHAYU, Dr. Eko Setyobudi, S.Pi., M.Si.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 MANAJEMEN SUMBERDAYA AKUATIK

Ikan layang (Decapterus macrosoma) merupakan salah satu ikan yang tertangkap setiap tahun di perairan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui beberapa aspek biologi reproduksi ikan layang (Decapterus macrosoma) di perairan DIY. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dari bulan Maret hingga Juni 2019. Sampel ikan diperoleh dari nelayan yang mendaratkan hasil tangkapannya di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Sadeng. Setiap sampel ikan diukur panjang, berat tubuh, berat gonad, serta diidentifikasi jenis kelamin dan tingkat kematangan gonadnya. Data yang dianalisis meliputi sebaran panjang, berat, rasio kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad, indeks kematangan gonad, ukuran pertama kali matang gonad (Lm), fekunditas, dan diameter telur. Hasil penelitian menunjukan panjang ikan layang berkisar antara 18,5-35,1 cm dengan berat berkisar antara 62-300 g. Rasio kelamin ikan layang 1,06:1. Tingkat kematangan gonad ikan jantan dan betina didominasi oleh TKG IV. Nilai indeks kematangan gonad ikan jantan berkisar antara 0,29-5,56% dan ikan betina 0,36-4,65%. Ukuran ikan layang pertama kali matang gonad diperkirakan pada panjang 24,21 cm. Ukuran diameter telur berkisar antara 0,14-0,54 mm, terdapat dua modus persebaran sehingga pemijahan diduga bersifat partial spawner. Fekunditas total berkisar antara 10.815-131.387 butir.

Shortfin scad is one of the fish that caught every year in coast of Yogyakarta Special Region. The aims of this study was to determine some aspects of reproduction biology shortfin scad (Decapterus macrosoma) in coast of Yogyakarta Special Region. Sampling was conducted since March to June 2019. Samples were obtained from fishermen who landed their catches in PPP Sadeng. Each sample was measured it's length, total weight, gonad weight, identified sex type and gonad maturity stage. The data analyzed consist of the distribution of length and weight, sex ratio, gonadal stage of maturity, index of gonadal maturity, length at first maturity, fecundity, and eggs diameter. The result showed the length of of fish was distributed from 18,5-35,1 cm and the weight was distributed from 60-300 g. The sex ratio of shortfin scad was shown result 1,06:1. Gonadal maturity stage in male and female fish mostly found in stage IV. The gonad somatic index was ranged from 0,29-5,56% in male, and 0,36-4,65% in female. The length at first maturity was estimated 24,21cm. The diameter of fish eggs were found at ranges from 0,14-0,54 mm, there were two modes of distribution so that spawning is estimated to be partial spawner. Fecundity varied from 10.815-131.387 eggs.

Kata Kunci : kematangan gonad, layang, reproduksi, telur/ eggs, gonad maturity, reproductiom, shortfin scad