ANALISIS INDIKATOR ENTOMOLOGI DAN HUBUNGAN PERILAKU PENDUDUK TERHADAP KEJADIAN DAN SEBARAN KASUS DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) DI KOTA JAYAPURA PROVINSI PAPUA

RISDA HARTATI, dr. Tribaskoro Tunggul Satoto, M.Sc., Ph.D.; dr. E. Elsa Herdiana M, M.Kes., Ph.D

2019 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU BIOMEDIK

Latar Belakang: Penyakit DBD diperkirakan endemik lebih dari 100 negara. Penyakit ini juga telah menginfeksi lebih dari 50-100 juta orang di dunia, 500.000 kasus masih memerlukan perawatan di rumah sakit dan sekitar 22.000 kasus kematian terjadi setiap tahunnya. Angka incidence rate (IR) DBD Provinsi Papua tahun 2017 adalah 8.04 per 100.000 penduduk, dengan case fatality rate (CFR) sebesar 1.12%. Pada tahun 2016 Dinas Kesehatan Kota Jayapura menetapkan 6 kelurahan sebagai daerah endemis tinggi, 4 kelurahan sebagai daerah sporadis tinggi dan 10 kampung sebagai daerah bebas DBD dari total 39 kelurahan yang ada di Kota Jayapura. Tujuan: Menganalisis pola sebaran kasus dan vektor DBD, indikator entomologi (House index, Container index, Breateu index), status Maya index, dan mengetahui hubungan perilaku penduduk terhadap kejadian DBD di Kota Jayapura. Metode: Penelitian dengan metode observasional deskriptif dan analitik dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Dilakukan pendekatan entomologi dan analisis spasial untuk pola sebaran kasus dan vektor DBD. Subyek penelitian 375 responden dengan analisis bivariat uji chi-square untuk hubungan perilaku terhadap kejadian DBD Hasil: Hasil pengukuran analisis tetangga terdekat diketahui kasus DBD di Kota Jayapura pada tahun 2018-Maret 2019 terjadi pola sebaran kasus dan vektor yang mengelompok (cluster). Sebaran vektor daerah endemis, sporadis dan bebas DBD ditemukan Ae. aegypti dan Ae. albopictus dengan kontainer indek tertinggi di daerah endemis dan rendah di daerah bebas DBD. Indikator entomologi Endemis nilai HI 43.3%, CI 16.5%, BI 90.0% sporadis HI 35.4%, CI 10.9%, BI 57.5%. Bebas DBD HI 14.8%, CI 5.7% dan BI 35.2%. Status maya index sedang daerah endemis dan sporadis, maya index rendah pada daerah bebas DBD. Ada hubungan antara pengetahuan penduduk terhadap kejadian DBD di daerah endemis dan sporadis. Kesimpulan: Sebaran kasus dan vektor mengelompok, indikator entomologi tinggi-sedang, maya index sedang-rendah. Ada hubungan antara pengetahuan, penduduk terhadap kejadian DBD di daerah endemis dan sporadis.

Background: DHF is estimated to be endemic in more than 100 countries. This disease had infected more than 50-100 million people in the world. 500,000 cases still require hospital care and around 22,000 deaths occur annually. In Papua Province, the DHF incidence rate (IR) in 2017 was 8.04 per 100,000 population and the case fatality rate (CFR) was 1.12%. In 2016 the Jayapura department of health assigned 6 village as high endemic areas, 4 village as high sporadic areas, and 10 village as DHF-free areas from a total of 39 village in Jayapura City. Objective: To analyze the distribution patterns of cases and DHF vectors, entomological indicators (House index, Container index, Breateu index), Maya index status, and to determine the relationship between population behavior and dengue incidence in Jayapura City. Methods: This study was a descriptive and analytical observational research with cross-sectional design. The entomological approach and spatial analysis were conducted to analyze the distribution of cases and DHF vectors. The research subjects were 375 respondents. Bivariate analysis was conducted using chi-square test to test the relationship between behavior and the incidence of DHF. Results: The results of the measurement of the nearest neighbor analysis of DHF cases in Jayapura from 2018-March 2019 showed cluster pattern of distribution. The distribution of endemic, sporadic and DHF-free area vectors was found Ae.aegypti and Ae.albopictus with the highest index container in endemic and low in DHF-free areas. In endemic area, HI value was 43.3%, CI 16.5%, BI 90.0%. In sporadic area, HI value was 35.4%, CI 10.9%, BI 57.5%. In DHF-free area, HI value was 14.8%, CI 5.7% and BI 35.2%. The maya indexes in both endemic and sporadic area were categorized as moderate while maya index in DHF-free areas was categorized as low. Shows that there is a relationship between the knowledge of the population on the incidence of DHF in endemic and sporadic areas. Conclusion: Case distribution showed a cluster pattern. Entomological indicator was high-moderate and maya index was moderate-low. There was a relationship between knowledge incidence of DHF.

Kata Kunci : Sebaran kasus DBD, indikator entomologi, perilaku, Jayapura, DHF distribution pattern, entomological indicator, behavior