Profil Perilaku Prososial Remaja di Yogyakarta

GESTA AULIA NISA, Sutarimah Ampuni, S.Psi., M.Si., Psikolog

2019 | Skripsi | S1 PSIKOLOGI

Perilaku prososial merupakan suatu aksi membantu orang lain yang bersifat sukarela yang dilatarbelakangi oleh beragam motif, baik intrinsik maupun ekstrinsik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola perilaku prososial pada remaja apabila ditinjau berdasarkan tahap perkembangan, area tempat tinggal, serta jenis kelamin. Dihipotesiskan bahwa terdapat perbedaan perilaku prososial beserta keempat aspeknya (helping, sharing, comforting, dan cooperating), di mana remaja akhir lebih tinggi dibandingkan remaja awal, remaja di pedesaan lebih tinggi dibandingkan remaja di perkotaan, serta remaja perempuan lebih tinggi dibandingkan remaja laki-laki. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja berusia 13-18 tahun (N = 418, Laki-laki = 174, Perempuan = 244) yang berasal dari empat sekolah di Kabupaten Kulonprogo (pedesaan) dan Kota Yogyakarta (perkotaan). Perilaku prososial partisipan diukur menggunakan kuesioner intensi prososial berbasis skenario. ANAVA dua jalur dilaksanakan sebanyak dua kali untuk menguji perbedaan intensi prososial berdasarkan tahap perkembangan dan area tempat tinggal, serta tahap perkembangan dan jenis kelamin. Main effect tahap perkembangan ditemukan signifikan pada aspek helping (F = 43.59; p < .001), sharing (F = 54.21; p < .001), comforting (F = 36.72; p < .001), dan cooperating (F = 17.52; p < .001). Main effect area tempat tinggal hanya ditemukan signifikan pada aspek sharing (F = 15.45; p < .001) dan main effect jenis kelamin hanya ditemukan signifikan pada aspek sharing (F = 5.06; p = .025) dan comforting (F = 34.04; p < .001). Interaction effect tahap perkembangan x area tempat tinggal ditemukan signifikan pada aspek helping (F = 14.82; p < .001), sharing (F = 4.97; p = .026), dan comforting (F = 5.81; p = .016). Sementara itu, tidak ditemukan interaction effect yang signifikan antara tahap perkembangan dan jenis kelamin.

Prosocial behavior is the act of helping others voluntarily derived by various motives, be it intrinsic or extrinsic. The objective of this study is to understand the pattern of prosocial behaviors in adolescents according to their developmental stage, area of living, and gender. It was hypothesized that prosocial behaviors, including its four aspects (helping, sharing, comforting, and cooperating), would differ across developmental stages, areas of living, and gender. Late-stage adolescents, adolescents from rural area, and female adolescents, were expected to show higher prosocial behaviors than their counterparts. Participants of this study were 418 (Male = 174, Female = 244) middle and higher school students aged between 13 and 18 years old from four schools in Kulonprogo Regency (rural area) and The City of Yogyakarta (urban area). Prosocial behavior was measured in the form of prosocial intention using scenario-based prosocial intention questionnaire. Two steps of two-way ANOVA were performed for data analysis. Results showed that main effects of developmental stage were significant in general prosocial behavior (F, p) as well as in helping (F = 43.59; p < .001), sharing (F = 54.21; p < .001), comforting (F = 36.72; p < .001), and cooperating (F = 17.52; p < .001). Main effect of area was only found in sharing (F = 15.45; p < .001); main effect of gender was significant in sharing (P = 5.06; p = .025) and comforting (F = 34.04; p < .001). Interaction effects of developmental stage x area of living were found significant in helping (F = 14.82; p < .001), sharing (F = 4.97; p = .026), and comforting (F = 5.81; p = .016). No significant interaction effect was found between developmental stage and gender.

Kata Kunci : comforting, cooperating, desa-kota, helping, intensi prososial, perilaku prososial, remaja, sharing/ adolescent, comforting, cooperating, helping, prosocial behavior, prosocial intention, rural-urban, sharing