EVALUASI DAN KAJIAN PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

BIMA AUFA DZULFIKAR, Ir. Intan Supraba, S.T.,M.Sc.,Ph.D.,IPM. ; Dr. Ir. Budi Kamulyan, M.Eng.

2019 | Tesis | MAGISTER TEKNIK SIPIL

Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta merupakan Daerah Istimewa setingkat provinsi di Indonesia yang terletak di bagian selatan Pulau Jawa. Peningkatan pertumbuhan penduduk dipengaruhi tingginya jumlah wisatawan dan pelajar berbanding lurus dengan semakin besar aktifitas yang terjadi. Hal ini menjadi alasan timbul dampak peningkatan jumlah timbulan sampah yang menjadi potensi bencana atau "darurat sampah" bila tidak ditangani secara serius. Badan Pusat Statistik Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 2018 mencatat jumlah penduduknya sebanyak 3.825.448 jiwa. Jumlah penduduk tersebut menghasilkan timbulan sampah sebanyak 8.794,04 m3/hari. Tindakan nyata yang telah dilakuan pemerintah berupa pembangunan infrastruktur atau fasilitas pengelolaan sampah berupa TPS 3R yang tersebar di seluruh wilayah administrasi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Tujuan penelitian ini mengkaji sebaran lokasi fasilitas persampahan berupa TPS 3R serta cakupan pelanayannya, mengkaji alur proses dan kondisi pengelolaan sampah serta memberi rekomendasi terhadap optimalisasi pengelolaan sampah di TPS 3R. Penelitian yang memakai metode analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif ini merupakan penelitian dengan teknik mendiskripsikan suatu gejala, peristiwa, dan kejadian yang sedang terjadi, dimana peneliti berusaha menganalisa peristiwa yang menjadi pusat perhatian kemudian digambarkan sesuai adanya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan memakai cara wawancara, kuesioner, observasi, dan dokumentasi yang dilakukan pada saat survey di lokasi. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengolahan data dengan bantuan peta yang selanjutnya diolah berdasar kebutuhan analisa yang dilakukan. Hasil penelitian dari kajian pengelolaan sampah di TPS 3R yang telah dilakukan ini menunjukkan terdapat 46 lokasi sebaran TPS 3R yang berada di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dengan cakupan pelayanan berjumlah 70.105 jiwa atau sebesar 1,83% dari jumlah penduduk Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, serta dengan sebanyak 146,42 m3/hari sampah harus dikelola TPS 3R. Hasil pengelolaan sampah yang dilakukan menunjukkan komposisi sampah organik sebanyak sebanyak 98,58 m3/hari atau sebesar 66,33%, sampah anorganik sebanyak 47,64 m3/hari atau sebesar 33,67%. Sampah terkelola sebanyak 139,97 m3/hari atau sebesar 93,55%, sedangkan sampah yang tidak terkelola dan menjadi residu sebanyak 9,45 m3/hr atau sebesar 6,45 %. Alur penangan sampah berawal dari proses pemilahan�pewadahan�pengumpulan-pengangkutan-pengolahan-prosesn akhir berubah jadi pengumpulan-pengangkutan ke TPS 3R-pemilahan-pengolahan-pengangkutan ke TPA-pemrosesan akhir.

The Special Region of Yogyakarta is a Special Region at the provincial level in Indonesia which is located in the southern part of Java. Increased population growth is influenced by the high number of tourists and students proportional to the greater activity that occurs. This is the reason for the impact of the increase in the amount of waste generation which is a potential disaster or "emergency waste" if it is not handled seriously. The 2018 Central Bureau of Statistics of the Special Region of Yogyakarta recorded a population of 3,825,448. The total population produces 8,794.04 m3/day of waste. The concrete actions taken by the government in the form of infrastructure development or waste management facilities in the form of 3R polling stations spread throughout the administrative area of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The purpose of this study was to examine the distribution of the location of solid waste facilities TPS 3R and the coverage of the waste management, to examine the process flow and conditions of waste management and to provide recommendations for optimizing waste management in TPS 3R. Research that uses descriptive analysis method with a quantitative approach is a study with a technique of describing a symptom, events, and events that are happening, where researchers try to analyze the events that are the center of attention and then described in accordance with. Data collection was carried out using interviews, questionnaires, observations, and documentation carried out during the on-site survey. Furthermore, data processing is carried out with the help of maps which are then processed based on the analysis needs carried out. The results of the study of waste management studies at the 3R polling station that have been conducted show that there are 46 locations for the distribution of 3R polling stations in the Special Region of Yogyakarta with a service coverage of 70,105 people or 1.83% of the population of Yogyakarta Special Region, and as many as 146 42 m3 / day of waste must be managed by TPS 3R. The results of waste management carried out show the composition of organic waste as much as 98.58 m3/day or 66.33%, inorganic waste as much as 47.64 m3/day or 33.67%. The waste is managed as much as 139.97 m3/day or 93.55%, while the waste that is not managed and becomes a residue is 9.45 m3/day or 6.45%. The flow of garbage handling begins with the sorting process-collection-collection-transport-processing-final process turns into collection-transportation to TPS 3R-sorting-processing-transport to final TPA-processing.

Kata Kunci : darurat sampah, pengelolaan sampah, penanganan sampah, TPS 3R