ANALISIS SPASIAL KETERJANGKAUAN RETAILER ROKOK TERHADAP PERILAKU MEROKOK PADA SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS (SMA) DI KEC. WANGI-WANGI DAN WANGI-WANGI SELATAN KABUPATEN WAKATOBI

MUH. IHSAN AWALUDDIN, DR. Supriyati, S.Sos,M.Kes.; Anis Fuad, S.Ked, DEA

2019 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

Latar Belakang: Deklarasi World Conference on Tobacco or Health ke-17 di Cape Town, Afrika Selatan tahun 2018 adalah meminta pemerintah, terutama di Afrika dan Asia, mengurangi keterjangkauan dan aksesibilitas produk tembakau di masyarakat. Indonesia masih menjadi negara ketiga dengan jumlah perokok aktif terbanyak di dunia (61,4 juta perokok), setelah China dan India. Berdasarkan data Susenas 2015, sebanyak 0,21 % usia 5-14 tahun telah menghisap rokok kemudian 19,65 % perokok berusia 15-24 tahun. Data Prevalensi penduduk yang merokok di provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara tahun 2013 sebesar 21,8% untuk perokok aktif, 4,2 %. Proporsi usia pertama kali merokok tiap hari di Kabupaten Wakatobi tahun 2013 terbanyak terdapat pada kelompok umur 10-14 tahun sebesar 4,9 % dan kelompok umur 15-19 tahun sebesar 11,6%. Data kasus pelanggaran merokok disekolah pada tahun 2017 sebanyak 64 kasus pelanggaran Merokok di seluruh SMA yang ada di Kecamatan Wangi-wangi dan 45 kasus di SMA yang ada di Kecamatan Wangi-wangi Selatan dan sampai Agustus 2018 tercatat kasus 68 kasus pelanggaran merokok yang terlaporkan di SMA pada 2 Kecamatan tersebut dan diprediksi cenderung akan terus meningkat. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan spasial keterjangkauan retailer rokok oleh siswa SMA terhadap perilaku merokok secara spasial di Kecamatan Wangi-wangi dan Kecamatan Wangi-wangi Selatan Kabupaten Wakatobi. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah survey analitik, mengunakan desain studi potong lintang (cros-sectional) dengan teknik pengambilan sampel consecutive sampling. Dimana sampel adalah siswa SMA dengan jumlah sampel 94 orang. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan keterjangkauan retailer (p-Value= 0,048) dengan perilaku merokok siswa SMA PR 2,09 (95% CI 0.015-4.123), dan perilaku merokok teman (p-Value= 0,010) dengan perilaku merokok siswa SMA PR 1,82 (95% CI 1.096-13.662), Uji regresi spasial GeoDa menunjukkan bahwa keterjangkauan retailer (p=0,00922), perilaku merokok teman (p= 0.00204) dan perilaku merokok orang tua (p= 0.03181) menunjukkan hubungan spasial dengan perilaku merokok, dimana variabel perilaku merokok orangtua memiliki autokorelasi spasial yang lemah karena indeks Morrans nya mendekati nol. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan spasial antara keterjangkauan retailer, perilaku merokok teman dan perilaku merokok orang tua dengan kebiasaan merokok siswa SMA di Kecamatan Wangi-wangi dan Kecamatan Wangi-wangi Selatan Kabupaten Wakatobi.

Background: The 17th World Conference on Tobacco or Health Declaration in Cape Town, South Africa in 2018 is asking the government, especially in Africa and Asia, to reduce the affordability and accessibility of tobacco products in the community. Indonesia is still the third country with the most active smokers in the world (61.4 million smokers), after China and India. Based on 2015 Susenas data, as many as 0.21% aged 5-14 years have smoked cigarettes then 19.65% smokers aged 15-24 years. Data The prevalence of population smoking in the province of Southeast Sulawesi in 2013 was 21.8% for active smokers, 4.2%. The proportion of people who smoke for the first time every day in Wakatobi Regency in 2013 was mostly in the 10-14 years age group by 4.9% and the age group of 15-19 years by 11.6%. Data on cases of smoking violations at school in 2017 were 64 cases of smoking violations in all high schools in Wangi-Wangi District and 45 cases in high schools in Wangi-Wangi Selatan District and until August 2018 there were 68 reported cases of smoking violations in high school in these 2 subdistricts and is predicted to continue to increase. Method: Type of research is an analytic survey, using a cross-sectional study design with consecutive sampling technique. Where the sample is high school students with a sample of 94 people. Results: The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the affordability of retailers (p-Value = 0.048) with the smoking behavior of high school students PR 2.09 (95% CI 0.015-4.123), and the smoking behavior of friends (p-Value = 0.010) with the smoking behavior of high school students PR 1.82 (95% CI 1,096-13,662), GeoDa spatial regression test shows that retailer's affordability (p = 0.00922), friend's smoking behavior (p = 0.00204) and parental smoking behavior (p = 0.03181) shows spatial relationship with smoking behavior, where the parental smoking behavior variable has weak spatial autocorrelation because its Morran's index is close to zero. Conclusion: There is a spatial relationship between the affordability of retailers, friend smoking behavior and smoking behavior of parents with smoking habits of high school students in Wangi-Wangi District and Wangi-Wangi South District, Wakatobi Regency

Kata Kunci : Spasial, perilaku merokok, keterjangkauan retailer, Spatial, smoking behavior, affordability of retailers