Musok in South Korean Media: A Study of Media and Representation in Movies and Movie Review Articles

GALUH PAWESTRI, Kelli A. Swazey PhD.

2019 | Tesis | MAGISTER AGAMA DAN LINTAS BUDAYA

Shamanisme sebagai praktik keagamaan sering diklaim sebagai salah satu praktik keagamaan tertua di dunia. Keberadaan praktik ini di Korea Selatan saat ini sebagai negara modern telah mengabaikan argumen bahwa praktik keagamaan lama tidak sesuai dengan masyarakat modern. Korea Selatan berhasil menjadi bukti bahwa praktik perdukunan bisa berkembang dengan karakteristik mereka sendiri di tengah-tengah agama dunia lainnya. Praktek ini sering disebut sebagai Musok. Musok dalam masyarakat Korea Selatan modern telah menyebar ke ranah media. Korea Selatan terkenal dengan produk Hallyu atau K-pop yang merupakan produk industri budaya dan hiburan oleh Korea Selatan. Dengan demikian Musok memang telah memasuki ranah modernitas untuk mengikuti perkembangan masyarakat. Di media, Musok direpresentasikan. Berdasarkan pendekatan Stuart Hall tentang Media dan Representasi, masyarakat Korea Selatan memberikan makna terhadap Musok melalui media. Ada empat film Korea Selatan yang diterbitkan setelah tahun 2000 dan digunakan sebagai teks utama untuk menggambarkan proses representasi Musok. Mereka adalah Fortune Teller, Gangster Shaman, The Wailing, dan House of Disappeared. Untuk teks tambahan, ada beberapa artikel online yang diunggah di situs internet Korea Selatan bernama Naver.com. Teks-teks tersebut digunakan untuk menggambarkan proses pemberian makna di media sehingga pendekatan analisis tekstual untuk film dan artikel online akan diterapkan. Diskusi ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan definisi praktik Musok berdasarkan diskusi para peneliti. Setelah itu, definisi tersebut berguna untuk mengelaborasi proses representasi Musok. Media dalam hal ini berhubungan dengan sifat-sifat modern masyarakat Korea Selatan sehingga menunjukkan proses pemikiran masyarakat dalam memberikan makna praktik Musok. Di balik proses itu, kelanjutan dari pemberian makna juga tercermin. Akibatnya, proses representasi Musok oleh media Korea Selatan menunjukkan latar belakang pemikiran dalam pemberian makna tertentu terhadap Musok. Meskipun sudah dikembangkan oleh agen-agen media, tetapi makna-makna itu juga berkaitan kembali dengan proses kelanjutan atau perkembangan dalam memberi makna yang tidak ada habisnya.

Shamanism as a religious practice is often to be pronounced as one of the oldest religious practice in the world. The current existence of this practice in South Korea as a modern country is also neglecting the arguments that an old religious practice is not compatible with the modern type of society. South Korea succeed to be the proof of the Shamanism practice development of their own characteristic in amidst of the other world religion flourish. The practice is often to be called as Musok. Musok in the current modern South Korean society becomes more spread into the media sphere. South Korea is famous for its Hallyu or K-pop products which are the products of cultural and entertainment industry in by South Korea. Thus Musok indeed has entered the sphere to follows the society's development. In media, Musok is being represented. Based on Stuart Hall on Media and Representation approach, the South Korean society gives meanings toward the Musok through this media. There are four South Korean movies which published after 2000 and used as the main texts to describing the representation process of Musok. They are Fortune Teller, Gangster Shaman, The Wailing, and House of Disappeared. For additional texts, there are several online articles uploaded in the South Korean internet website called Naver.com. The texts are used to describe the process of the giving meaning action in media, therefore, the textual analysis approach for movies and discourse analysis approach for online articles are applied. The discussion is aiming to describe the Musok practice definition based on the scholars' discussions, to elaborate on the process of representation of Musok by media focusing in movies and online articles. These media are relating to the modern traits of South Korean society thus it demonstrated the process of current society in giving the Musok practice meanings. Behind that process, the continuation of the giving meaning action is also reflected since it is how the society making relations towards the Musok. As a result, the process of Musok representation by South Korean media demonstrating a historical background reasoning in giving certain meanings towards the Musok. Although, it is has been developed by the media agents but those meanings also are relating back to the process of continuation in giving meaning which has no end.

Kata Kunci : Musok, Media, Representation, Movies, Online Article