Peran Kualitas Pernikahan Orang Tua terhadap Resiliensi Anak di Lingkungan Berisiko dengan Mediator Dukungan Sosial Orang Tua

ANNISA ARDI A, Dr. Maria Goretti Adiyanti, M.S., Psikolog

2019 | Skripsi | S1 PSIKOLOGI

Resiliensi pada anak di lingkungan berisiko memiliki beberapa faktor protektif, antara lain kualitas pernikahan orang tua dan dukungan sosial yang diberikan orang tua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran kualitas pernikahan orang tua dan dukungan sosial orang tua terhadap resiliensi anak di lingkungan berisiko. Berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu, ketiga variabel tersebut membentuk model mediasi dukungan sosial orang tua yang memediatori kualitas pernikahan orang tua dan resiliensi anak. Dengan metode kuantitatif, penelitian ini menggunakan Skala Resiliensi Anak, Kualitas Pernikahan Orang Tua, dan Dukungan Sosial Orang Tua sebagai instrumen penelitian. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah anak berusia 6-13 tahun dari Sekolah Dasar di sekitar Sungai Winongo dan Sungai Code Kota Yogyakarta dan kedua orang tuanya. Berdasarkan analisis regresi, model mediasi tidak cocok untuk menjelaskan hubungan ketiga variabel tersebut karena adanya jalur mediasi yang tidak signifikan. Lebih jauh lagi, hanya dukungan sosial orang tua yang berperan pada resiliensi anak. Selain itu, terdapat analisis uji beda berdasarkan pengelompokan demografi. Meskipun penelitian ini memberikan perspektif baru dalam memandang hubungan lingkungan keluarga dan resiliensi anak, terdapat beberapa keterbatasan yang perlu diperbaiki pada penelitian selanjutnya.

Resilience in children in disadvantaged neighborhood has some protective factors, i. e. parent marital quality and parents' social support. The aim of this research was to explore the roles of parent marital quality and parents' social support to children toward resilience in children living in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Based on past researches, these three variables form a mediation model in which parents' social support mediating parent marital quality and resilience in children. Utilizing quantitative method, there are 3 instruments that were used in this research, i.e. Child Resilience Scale, Parental Marital Quality, and Parental Social Support. Participants of this research were 6-13 years old children from elementary schools near Winongo and Code River in Yogyakarta City and their parents. Regression analysis showed that mediation model was not suitable to explain the relationship between the three variables because there were mediation paths that were not significant. Furthermore, only parents' social support that has a role in children resilience. Also, there were difference analyses based on several demographic groups. Although this research provides a new perspective on how we see the relationship between family environment and child resilience, there were several limitations which must be improved in following researches.

Kata Kunci : anak, dukungan sosial, kualitas pernikahan, orang tua, resiliensi